{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:33:37Z","timestamp":1777494817031,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior)","award":["UI\/00772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/00772"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is an aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Clinical staging is crucial for risk assessment, yet the current WHO system lacks granularity, particularly in Stage III. Aligning this system with human breast cancer staging has the potential to improve prognostic accuracy. Additionally, prognostic factors such as tumor size, ulceration, lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion require further evaluation. This study retrospectively analyzed 75 female cats with FMC to assess the prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors and evaluate a novel staging system (new staging) adapted from the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Survival analyses included disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival (OS). Tumor size &gt;3 cm (p &lt; 0.001), ulceration (p = 0.010), lymphovascular invasion (p &lt; 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p &lt; 0.001), WHO and new staging (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with shorter survival. The new staging refined Stage III into IIIA (T3N0M0), IIIB (T4N0M0), and IIIC (AnyTN1M0), improved prognostic differentiation. Stage IIIC cases had the worst survival (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis identified lymphovascular invasion (HR = 2.834, 95% CI: 1.546\u20135.195, p = 0.001), histological Grade II (HR = 5.013, 95% CI: 1.122\u201322.397, p = 0.035) and III (HR = 9.894, 95% CI: 2.195\u201344.594, p = 0.003) and skin ulceration (HR = 2.462, 95% CI: 1.256\u20134.825, p = 0.009). These findings support the prognostic relevance of key clinicopathological factors in FMC and highlight the advantages of a refined TNM-based staging system, which may enhance risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in veterinary oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T09:36:24Z","timestamp":1741599384000},"page":"779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prognostic Insights in Feline Mammary Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Factors and the Proposal of a New Staging System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8869-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 4150-562 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OneVet Group, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Porto, 4150-562 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University Institute for Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-166 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felisbina L.","family":"Queiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 4150-562 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinello, K., Pires, I., Castro, A.F., Carvalho, P.T., Santos, A., De Matos, A., Queiroga, F., Canadas-Sousa, A., Dias-Pereira, P., and Catarino, J. 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