{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:06:05Z","timestamp":1760058365808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","2022.11759.BD","SFRH\/BD\/143992\/2019","POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234","Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234","ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","2022.11759.BD","SFRH\/BD\/143992\/2019","POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234","Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234","ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","2022.11759.BD","SFRH\/BD\/143992\/2019","POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234","Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234","ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020","LA\/P\/0092\/2020","UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/50006\/2020","2022.11759.BD","SFRH\/BD\/143992\/2019","POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234","Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234","ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Twenty-four male piglets were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with increasing Tetraselmis sp. incorporation levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Following a 4-day adaptation period to metabolic cages, the animals were used in a 2-week digestibility trial and slaughtered for digestive tract measurements and sampling. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), N balance, small intestine digesta viscosity and histomorphology, and hindgut digesta volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile were determined. Polynomial contrasts were employed to examine linear and quadratic effects of Tetraselmis sp. dietary incorporation. The ATTD of most macronutrients and N retention efficiencies decreased linearly (p &lt; 0.05) with Tetraselmis sp. dietary inclusion. The ileum villi height increased linearly (p &lt; 0.001) and the hindgut VFA concentration increased linearly (p &lt; 0.05) with dietary Tetraselmis sp. inclusion. The ATTD values estimated for Tetraselmis sp. biomass using the regression method were 68.3% \u00b1 3.86 for dry matter (DM), 66.1% \u00b1 5.11 for N, and 61.3% \u00b1 4.28 for gross energy. The values calculated for digestible and metabolizable energy (MJ\/kg DM) and digestible crude protein (% DM) for Tetraselmis sp. were 9.0, 8.8, and 18.3, respectively. Tetraselmis sp. biomass had lower ATTD values when compared to protein sources commonly used in swine nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15070967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T10:54:48Z","timestamp":1743159288000},"page":"967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digestibility and Nutritional Value of Microalga Tetraselmis sp. for Weaner Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6519-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia A. M.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0990-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1716-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida R. G.","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J. M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R. J.","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana P.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4843-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel P.","family":"Mourato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4502-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4109-3488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui J. B.","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7810-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 M. de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. B.","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"OECD\/FAO (2021). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021\u20132030, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1071\/AN19308","article-title":"The Future Protein Decade: Perspectives on Global Pressure to Agriculture","volume":"59","author":"McGill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02800-5","article-title":"A Viewpoint on the Use of Microalgae as an Alternative Feedstuff in the Context of Pig and Poultry Feeding\u2014A Special Emphasis on Tropical Regions","volume":"53","author":"Chaves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valente, L.M.P., Cabrita, A.R.J., Maia, M.R.G., Valente, I.M., Engrola, S., Fonseca, A.J.M., Ribeiro, D.M., Lordelo, M., Martins, C.F., and Falc\u00e3o e Cunha, L. (2021). Microalgae as Feed Ingredients for Livestock Production and Aquaculture. Microalgae, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821218-9.00009-8"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, M., Coelho, D., Alfaia, C., Pestana, J., Lopes, P.A., and Prates, J.A.M. (2023). Microalgae Application in Feeds for Monogastrics. Handbook of Food and Feed from Microalgae, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-99196-4.00039-5"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, C.F., Pestana, J.M., Alfaia, C.M., Costa, M., Ribeiro, D.M., Coelho, D., Lopes, P.A., Almeida, A.M., Freire, J.P.B., and Prates, J.A.M. (2021). Effects of Chlorella Vulgaris as a Feed Ingredient on the Quality and Nutritional Value of Weaned Piglets\u2019 Meat. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061155"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paterson, S., G\u00f3mez-Cort\u00e9s, P., de la Fuente, M.A., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Ledesma, B. (2023). Bioactivity and Digestibility of Microalgae Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. as Basis of Their Potential as Novel Functional Foods. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020477"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauritano, C., Andersen, J.H., Hansen, E., Albrigtsen, M., Escalera, L., Esposito, F., Helland, K., Hanssen, K.\u00d8., Romano, G., and Ianora, A. (2016). Bioactivity Screening of Microalgae for Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, Anti-Diabetes, and Antibacterial Activities. Front. Mar. Sci., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2016.00068"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bleakley, S., and Hayes, M. (2017). Algal Proteins: Extraction, Application, and Challenges Concerning Production. Foods, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6050033"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagels, F., Amaro, H.M., Tavares, T.G., Amil, B.F., and Guedes, A.C. (2022). Potential of Microalgae Extracts for Food and Feed Supplementation\u2014A Promising Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111901"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01032-7","article-title":"Membrane Applications for Microbial Energy Conversion: A Review","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Auria, G., Nitride, C., and Ferranti, P. (2023). Microalgae to Contrast the Climate Change: A Novel Food and Feed Ingredient with Technological Applications. Sustainable Food Science\u2014A Comprehensive Approach, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823960-5.00024-X"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-53","article-title":"Dual Potential of Microalgae as a Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock and Animal Feed","volume":"4","author":"Lum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrinou, V., Daskalaki, A., Kampantais, D., Kanakis, D.C., Economou, C.N., Bokas, D., Kotzamanis, Y., Aggelis, G., Vayenas, D.V., and Tekerlekopoulou, A.G. (2022). Optimization of Cultivation Conditions for Tetraselmis Striata and Biomass Quality Evaluation for Fish Feed Production. Water, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14193162"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nozaki, H. (2003). Flagellated green algae. Freshwater Algae of North America, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012741550-5\/50007-6"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saadaoui, I., Rasheed, R., Aguilar, A., Cherif, M., Al Jabri, H., Sayadi, S., and Manning, S.R. (2021). Microalgal-Based Feed: Promising Alternative Feedstocks for Livestock and Poultry Production. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00593-z"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves, A.A.M., Ribeiro, D.M., Martins, C.F., Fernandes, T., Maia, M.R.G., Fonseca, A.J.M., Cabrita, A.R.J., Alves, S.P., Pinho, M., and Bessa, R.J.B. (2024). Nutritional Value of Nannochloropsis Oceanica for Weaner Piglets. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14243575"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/0967026032000157156","article-title":"Distribution of Intracellular Nitrogen in Marine Microalgae: Calculation of New Nitrogen-to-Protein Conversion Factors","volume":"39","author":"Barbarino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. [17th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Robertson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"James, W.P.T., and Theander, O. (1981). The Detergent System of Analysis. The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food, Marcel Dekker."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabrita, A.R.J., Guilherme-Fernandes, J., Valente, I.M., Almeida, A., Lima, S.A.C., Fonseca, A.J.M., and Maia, M.R.G. (2022). Nutritional Composition and Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal the Potential of Tetradesmus Obliquus, Chlorella Vulgaris and Nannochloropsis Oceanica as Valuable Nutrient Sources for Dogs. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192643"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28576-7","article-title":"Nannochloropsis Oceanica, a Novel Natural Source of Rumen-Protected Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) for Ruminants","volume":"8","author":"Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4718","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03562-x","article-title":"The Effect of Species and Sex on the Element Content of Muskox (Ovibos Moschatus) and Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus) Tissues","volume":"201","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10059-5","article-title":"Influence of Chlorella Vulgaris on Growth, Digestibility and Gut Morphology and Microbiota of Weaned Piglet","volume":"12","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.006","article-title":"Effects of Clays Used as Oil Adsorbents in Lamb Diets on Fatty Acid Composition of Abomasal Digesta and Meat","volume":"213","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2019.1672479","article-title":"Effects of Whole Plant Brown Algae (Laminaria japonica) on Zootechnical Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Faecal Characteristics and Blood Plasma Urea in Weaned Piglets","volume":"74","author":"Brugger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02185-2","article-title":"Use of Technological Processing of Seaweed and Microalgae as Strategy to Improve Their Apparent Digestibility Coefficients in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles","volume":"32","author":"Batista","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.101869","article-title":"Incorporation of Defatted Microalgal Biomass (Tetraselmis sp. CTP4) at the Expense of Soybean Meal as a Feed Ingredient for Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)","volume":"47","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, V., Pires, S.F.S., Rodrigues, A.C.M., Ofoegbu, P., Bem-Haja, P., Soares, A.M.V.M., Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, L.E.C., Rocha, R.J.M., and Pacheco, M. (2023). Microencapsulated Diets as an Alternative to Bivalve Feeding: Particle Size and Microalga Content Affect Feed Intake. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13122009"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo-Tello, K., Ehrenfeld, N., Sol\u00eds, C.J., Ulloa, P.E., Hedrera, M., Pizarro-Guajardo, M., Paredes-Sabja, D., and Feij\u00f3o, C.G. (2017). Effect of Microalgae on Intestinal Inflammation Triggered by Soybean Meal and Bacterial Infection in Zebrafish. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187696"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13470","article-title":"Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Spirulina on Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Meat Quality Traits in Post-weaning Piglets","volume":"105","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Sauvant, D., Perez, J., and Tran, G. (2002). Tables de Composition et de Valeur Nutritive des Mati\u00e8res Premi\u00e8res Destin\u00e9es aux Animaux d\u2019\u00e9levage, INRA Editions."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114460","article-title":"Evaluation of Seaweeds from Marine Waters in Northwestern Europe for Application in Animal Nutrition","volume":"263","author":"Bikker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3390\/polysaccharides3020027","article-title":"Microalgae Polysaccharides: An Alternative Source for Food Production and Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"3","author":"Moreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polysaccharides"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12177","article-title":"The Effect of Level of Crude Protein and Available Lysine on Finishing Pig Performance, Nitrogen Balance and Nutrient Digestibility","volume":"26","author":"Ball","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03742-w","article-title":"Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Different Pig Breeds Fed Raw, Sprouted, or Roasted (Vigna unguiculata) Diets","volume":"55","author":"Lubisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.04.014","article-title":"Characterization of Ash in Algae and Other Materials by Determination of Wet Acid Indigestible Ash and Microscopic Examination","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2021.02.014","article-title":"Nutrition and Sulfur","volume":"Volume 96","author":"Eskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Food and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa134","article-title":"Lessons Learned from Inherited Metabolic Disorders of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Metabolism","volume":"150","author":"Stabler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19960046","article-title":"Maintenance of Villus Height and Crypt Depth, and Enhancement of Disaccharide Digestion and Monosaccharide Absorption, in Piglets Fed on Cows\u2019 Whole Milk after Weaning","volume":"76","author":"Pluske","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suttle, N. (2010). Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, CABI.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845934729.0000"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2022.115519","article-title":"Acid-Binding Capacity of Feed in Swine Nutrition","volume":"295","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19780068","article-title":"Studies on Digestion and Absorption in the Intestines of Growing Pigs","volume":"39","author":"Partridge","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, A.J., and Southern, L.L. (2000). Swine Nutrition, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420041842"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiba, L.I. (2022). Sustainable Swine Nutrition, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119583998"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, A.J., and Southern, L.L. (2000). Anatomy of the Digestive System and Nutritional Physiology. Swine Nutrition, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420041842-8"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.03.047","article-title":"Conversion of Microalgae to Biofuel","volume":"16","author":"Suali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/7\/967\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:03:27Z","timestamp":1760029407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/7\/967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15070967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15070967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]}}}