{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:07:44Z","timestamp":1760058464157,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020 (CIISA)","LA\/P\/0059\/2020 (AL4AnimalS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020 (CIISA)","LA\/P\/0059\/2020 (AL4AnimalS)"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Gest\u00e3o de Bolsas de Estudo (INAGBE)","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020 (CIISA)","LA\/P\/0059\/2020 (AL4AnimalS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020 (CIISA)","LA\/P\/0059\/2020 (AL4AnimalS)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococci are prevalent in dogs\u2019 microbiota, with commensal strains being able to exhibit resistance and virulence traits, complicating secondary infection management. As antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, particularly in middle-income countries like Angola, surveillance of resistant bacteria is crucial. We analyzed the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence profiles of staphylococci from dogs in Angola. Isolates were identified using VITEK\u00ae 2 Compact (bioM\u00e9rieux\u00a9 SA, Marcy l\u2019Etoile, France), and their genetic diversity was assessed via PCR fingerprinting. Isolates\u2019 susceptibility to relevant antimicrobials was determined by disk diffusion, and their virulence profiles were evaluated using plaque assays. The relationship between antibiotic resistance and animal-related factors was also assessed by statistical analysis. Isolates were identified as Mammaliicoccus\u00a0sciuri (former Staphylococcus\u00a0sciuri, 38%), Staphylococcus xylosus (30%), Staphylococcus equorum (13%), Mammaliicoccus vitulinus (former Staphylococcus vitulinus, 7%), Mammaliicoccus lentus (former Staphylococcus\u00a0lentus, 5%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), and Staphylococcus spp. (5%). Of these, 86% were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested, and 30% were classified as multidrug-resistant, being more common in females, dogs with clinical signs of disease, and vaccinated animals. Moreover, 93% of the isolates were able to produce biofilm, 46% could produce lecithinase and gelatinase, and 23% could produce hemolysins. Companion dogs from Angola can carry resistant staphylococci able to express several virulence factors, potentially representing a One Health risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15071043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:36:45Z","timestamp":1743737805000},"page":"1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insights into Molecular Profiles, Resistance Patterns, and Virulence Traits of Staphylococci from Companion Dogs in Angola"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Romay Coragem","family":"da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Jos\u00e9 Eduardo dos Santos, Huambo P.O. Box 2458, Angola"}]},{"given":"Francisca Guerra","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7885-1820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5641-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9lia","family":"Chambel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad269","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad269","article-title":"Change of Plans: Overview of Bacterial Taxonomy, Recent Changes of Medical Importance, and Potential Areas of Impact","volume":"10","author":"Prinzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Founou, R.C., Founou, L.L., Allam, M., Ismail, A., and Essack, S.Y. (2019). Whole Genome Sequencing of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42672-2"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100691","article-title":"The Importance of \u201cOne Health Approach\u201d to the AMR Study and Surveillance in Angola and Other African Countries","volume":"18","author":"Serrano","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nocera, F.P., Pizzano, F., Masullo, A., Cortese, L., and De Martino, L. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistant Staphylococcus Species Colonization in Dogs, Their Owners, and Veterinary Staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples, Italy. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081016"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrine, M., Costa, S.S., Messa, A., Massora, S., Vubil, D., \u00c1cacio, S., Nhampossa, T., Bassat, Q., Mandomando, I., and Couto, I. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonality of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bacteraemia in Children Admitted to the Manhi\u00e7a District Hospital, Mozambique, over Two Decades. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1208131"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0236","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Community in Luanda, Angola: Blurred Boundaries with the Hospital Setting","volume":"22","author":"Coelho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus in Former Portuguese Colonies from Africa and the Far East: Missing Data to Help Fill the World Map","volume":"21","author":"Coelho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2007.00635.x","article-title":"First Report of Multiresistant, mecA-positive Staphylococcus intermedius in Europe: 12 Cases from a Veterinary Dermatology Referral Clinic in Germany","volume":"18","author":"Loeffler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00866.x","article-title":"The Prevalence of Carriage of Meticillin-resistant Staphylococci by Veterinary Dermatology Practice Staff and Their Respective Pets","volume":"21","author":"Morris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01382-y","article-title":"Commensal Staphylococci Including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dogs and Cats in Remote New South Wales, Australia","volume":"79","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"WHO (2024). WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024 Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance, to Guide Research, Development, and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matos, A., Cunha, E., Baptista, L., Tavares, L., and Oliveira, M. (2023). ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030447"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-008-9275-6","article-title":"Evaluation of (GTG)5-PCR for Rapid Identification of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"94","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.12.032","article-title":"Virulence Traits and Antibiotic Resistance among Enterococci Isolated from Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)","volume":"163","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"CLSI (2008). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals: Approved Standard, CLSI."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"CLSI (2018). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals, CLSI."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"CLSI (2020). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. M100: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, CLSI."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Bacteria: An International Expert Proposal for Interim Standard Definitions for Acquired Resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, M., Grilo, M.L., Carneiro, C., Cunha, E., Tavares, L., Patino-Martinez, J., and Oliveira, M. (2021). Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Island of Maio, Cape Verde. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-143022\/v1"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12895","article-title":"Five Myths about Variable Selection","volume":"30","author":"Heinze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0381","article-title":"Review of Clinically and Epidemiologically Relevant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Africa","volume":"26","author":"Asante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ocloo, R., Nyasinga, J., Munshi, Z., Hamdy, A., Marciniak, T., Soundararajan, M., Newton-Foot, M., Ziebuhr, W., Shittu, A., and Revathi, G. (2022). Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococci Other than Staphylococcus aureus from Domestic Animals and Livestock in Africa: A Systematic Review. Front. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1059054"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822014005000034","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Healthy Dogs in Nsukka, Nigeria","volume":"45","author":"Chah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.17221\/96\/2015-VETMED","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Healthy Dogs","volume":"62","author":"Siugzdaite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed Medic\u00edna"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.2.645-653.2003","article-title":"Development of Methicillin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus sciuri by Transcriptional Activation of the mecA Homologue Native to the Species","volume":"185","author":"Couto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00377-7","article-title":"Staphylococcus sciuri as a Part of Skin, Nasal and Oral Flora in Healthy Dogs","volume":"82","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01629-07","article-title":"Genomic Diversity in Staphylococcus xylosus","volume":"73","author":"Dorchies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.31.1.53-59.1976","article-title":"Preliminary Studies on the Characterization and Distribution of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus Species on Animal Skin","volume":"31","author":"Kloos","year":"1976","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4477.2002.tb00382.x","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis And Staphylococcus xylosus. In A Secondary Root Canal Infection With Persistent Symptoms: A Case Report","volume":"28","author":"Siqueira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, V.M., Williams, N.J., Pinchbeck, G., Corless, C.E., Shaw, S., McEwan, N., Dawson, S., and Nuttall, T. (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance and Characterisation of Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Labrador Retrievers in the United Kingdom. BMC Vet. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-17"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.12.007","article-title":"Occurrence, Species Distribution, Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonality of Methicillin- and Erythromycin-Resistant Staphylococci in the Nasal Cavity of Domestic Animals","volume":"121","author":"Bagcigil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.51.3.233","article-title":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Animals","volume":"51","author":"Weese","year":"2010","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2000.00759.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolated from Otitis Externa in Dogs: Staphylococci from Dogs","volume":"31","author":"Lilenbaum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.01.015","article-title":"Carriage of Staphylococcus Species in the Veterinary Visiting Dog Population in Mainland UK: Molecular Characterisation of Resistance and Virulence","volume":"170","author":"Wedley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3198","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3198","article-title":"Burden and Predictors of Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius Infections among Dogs Presented at an Academic Veterinary Hospital in South Africa (2007\u20132012)","volume":"5","author":"Qekwana","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"WHO (2022). The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) Antibiotic Book, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240062382."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"EMA (2024, June 20). Categorisation of Antibiotics for Use in Animals for Prudent and Responsible Use. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/report\/infographic-categorisation-antibiotics-use-animals-prudent-and-responsible-use_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palma, E., Tilocca, B., and Roncada, P. (2020). Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061914"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v10i4.13","article-title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Cats and Dogs","volume":"10","author":"Elnageh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adiguzel, M.C., Schaefer, K., Rodriguez, T., Ortiz, J., and Sahin, O. (2022). Prevalence, Mechanism, Genetic Diversity, and Cross-Resistance Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Isolated from Companion Animal Clinical Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the Midwestern United States. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050609"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.1931-1939","article-title":"Characterization and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Resistant to Beta-Lactams Isolated from the Milk of Cows Diagnosed with Subclinical Mastitis","volume":"12","author":"Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S328521","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) Isolates of Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand","volume":"14","author":"Tunyong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2147\/tcrm.2006.2.4.401","article-title":"Meropenem in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections","volume":"2","author":"Fish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2013.14.4.449","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Carriage of Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococci in Healthy Cats and Dogs","volume":"14","author":"Regula","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a, A., Gaio, V., Lopes, N., and Melo, L.D.R. (2021). Virulence Factors in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020170"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez, E.P., Cepeda, M., Jovanoska, M., Bramer, W.M., Schoufour, J., Glisic, M., Verbon, A., and Franco, O.H. (2019). Seasonality of Antimicrobial Resistance Rates in Respiratory Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221133"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preda, M., Mihai, M.M., Popa, L.I., Di\u021bu, L.-M., Holban, A.M., Manolescu, L.S.C., Popa, G.-L., Muntean, A.-A., Gheorghe, I., and Chifiriuc, C.M. (2021). Phenotypic and Genotypic Virulence Features of Staphylococcal Strains Isolated from Difficult-to-Treat Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246478"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S303992","article-title":"Correlation Between Biofilm-Formation and the Antibiotic Resistant Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: A Laboratory-Based Study in Hungary and a Review of the Literature","volume":"14","author":"Barrak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertelloni, F., Cagnoli, G., and Ebani, V.V. (2021). Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Canine Staphylococcus spp. Isolates. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030515"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"127","article-title":"Determination of Some Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Various Clinical Samples","volume":"30","author":"Kaya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"128","article-title":"Factors influencing the seasonal patterns of infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Fares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argemi, X., Hansmann, Y., Prola, K., and and Pr\u00e9vost, G. (2019). Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Pathogenomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051215"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/7\/1043\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:10:02Z","timestamp":1760029802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/7\/1043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15071043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15071043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]}}}