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Both indolent and aggressive forms have been described, but much remains to be explored regarding prognosis and therapy. Evidence has highlighted the influence of microbiota on multiple health and disease processes, including certain types of cancer in humans. However, knowledge remains scarce regarding microbiota biology and its interactions in both humans and canine cancer patients. This study aimed to characterise the faecal microbiota of dogs with MCT and compare it with that of healthy individuals. Twenty-eight dogs diagnosed with MCT and twenty-eight healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Faecal samples were collected and analysed by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Alpha diversity was significantly lower in dogs with cancer, and the species diversity InvSimpson Indexwas reduced (p = 0.019). Principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the bacterial profile of the two groups: there was a significant lower abundance of the genera Alloprevotella, Holdemanella, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, and Anaerobiospirillum and, conversely, a significant increase in the genera Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in diseased dogs. At the phylum level, Bacteroidota was significantly reduced in diseased dogs (25% in controls vs. 19% in MCT dogs). In conclusion, sequencing analysis provided an overview of the bacterial profile and showed statistical differences in the microbial communities of dogs with MCT compared with healthy dogs, suggesting a link between the gut microbiota and MCT in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15152208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1753689444000},"page":"2208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterisation of the Faecal Microbiota in Dogs with Mast Cell Tumours Compared with Healthy Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7572-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Aluai-Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA) 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR\/CIIMAR), Av. General Norton de Matos S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura CHV\u2014Veterinary Hospital Center, R. Manuel Pinto de Azevedo 118, 4100-320 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Department, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-166 Gandra PRD, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Department, University Institute of Health Sciences, IUCS-CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-166 Gandra PRD, Portugal"},{"name":"Onevetgroup Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Porto (HVP), 4150-562 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9852-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR\/CIIMAR), Av. General Norton de Matos S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7888-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA) 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.01.012","article-title":"Canine sarcomas as a surrogate for the human disease","volume":"188","author":"Gustafson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12440","article-title":"Comparative oncology: The paradigmatic example of canine and human mast cell neoplasms","volume":"17","author":"Willmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Comp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. 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