{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:32:53Z","timestamp":1770327173362,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mar2020","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0052"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Mar2020","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAR-02.05.01-FEAMP-0052"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disease outbreaks pose a significant challenge in aquaculture, leading to substantial economic losses for producers. Tenacibaculosis, a significant ulcerative bacterial disease caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum, affects a wide range of marine fish species globally. Current disease management relies on antibiotics and chemicals, leading to environmental issues, impaired fish and consumer health, and increased antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This narrative review critically explores welfare-oriented alternatives, specifically examining the potential of temperature modulation and functional diets. Although thermal strategies show promise for warm-water species through behavioural fever mechanisms, their effectiveness remains limited by species-specific thermal tolerances and lack of commercial validation. Nutritional interventions using marine algae, probiotics, and immunostimulants demonstrate broader applicability but suffer from inconsistent methodologies, limited commercial validation, and significant knowledge gaps. We propose that integration of these approaches could theoretically represent a paradigm shift from pathogen-focused to host-centred disease management, pending empirical validation. However, this integration concept requires rigorous validation, as significant knowledge gaps persists regarding optimal implementation protocols, welfare monitoring frameworks, and economic viability assessments. From our perspective, transitioning to welfare-oriented aquaculture demands rigorous evaluation and validation, commercial-scale trials, economic cost\u2013benefit analysis, and the establishment of regulatory frameworks before these theoretical alternatives can be responsibly implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T14:16:55Z","timestamp":1756822615000},"page":"2581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thermal and Nutritional Strategies for Managing Tenacibaculum maritimum in Aquaculture: A Welfare-Oriented Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Carrilho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Bio1OneHealth, Lda., Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Pavilh\u00e3o B1, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1455-5958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Santar\u00e9m, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Santar\u00e9m, Quinta do Galinheiro-S. Pedro, 2001-904 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0274-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Schrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio1OneHealth, Lda., Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Pavilh\u00e3o B1, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6075-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florbela","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2013EPPO, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Aquaculture Research Station, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7237-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR\/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12308","article-title":"A Proteomics and Other Omics Approach in the Context of Farmed Fish Welfare and Biomarker Discovery","volume":"12","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. 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