{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1760243007035,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]],"date-time":"2015-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal research is not only regulated by legislation but also by self-regulatory mechanisms within the scientific community, which include biomedical journals\u2019 policies on animal use. For editorial policies to meaningfully impact attitudes and practice, they must not only be put into effect by editors and reviewers, but also be set to high standards. We present a novel tool to classify journals\u2019 policies on animal use\u2014the EXEMPLAR scale\u2014as well as an analysis by this scale of 170 journals publishing studies on animal models of three human diseases: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Type-1 Diabetes and Tuberculosis. Results show a much greater focus of editorial policies on regulatory compliance than on other domains, suggesting a transfer of journals\u2019 responsibilities to scientists, institutions and regulators. Scores were not found to vary with journals\u2019 impact factor, country of origin or antiquity, but were, however, significantly higher for open access journals, which may be a result of their greater exposure and consequent higher public scrutiny.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani5020315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T03:06:25Z","timestamp":1430708785000},"page":"315-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Critical Look at Biomedical Journals\u2019 Policies on Animal Research by Use of a Novel Tool: The EXEMPLAR Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S\/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMC\u2014Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3010238","article-title":"Animal experiments in biomedical research: A historical perspective","volume":"3","author":"Franco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662503012001247","article-title":"An overview of surveys on how people view animal experimentation: Some factors that may influence the outcome","volume":"12","author":"Hagelin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Public Underst. 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