{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:20:48Z","timestamp":1775020848139,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/09757-0, 2019\/13271-9, 2020\/03405-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/09757-0, 2019\/13271-9, 2020\/03405-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["405622\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405622\/2018-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although different strategies to control biofilm formation on endotracheal tubes have been proposed, there are scarce scientific data on applying phages for both removing and preventing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on the device surface. Here, the anti-biofilm capacity of five bacteriophages was evaluated by a high content screening assay. We observed that biofilms were significantly reduced after phage treatment, especially in multidrug-resistant strains. Considering the anti-biofilm screens, two phages were selected as cocktail components, and the cocktail\u2019s ability to prevent colonization of the endotracheal tube surface was tested in a dynamic biofilm model. Phage-coated tubes were challenged with different P. aeruginosa strains. The biofilm growth was monitored from 24 to 168 h by colony forming unit counting, metabolic activity assessment, and biofilm morphology observation. The phage cocktail promoted differences of bacterial colonization; nonetheless, the action was strain dependent. Phage cocktail coating did not promote substantial changes in metabolic activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a higher concentration of biofilm cells in control, while tower-like structures could be observed on phage cocktail-coated tubes. These results demonstrate that with the development of new coating strategies, phage therapy has potential in controlling the endotracheal tube-associated biofilm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1610714645000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Bacteriophage Cocktail-Mediated Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm on Endotracheal Tube Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0734-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviane C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network\u2014HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Caf\u00e9 Avenue S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7716-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P.","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Caf\u00e9 Avenue S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6865-6044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds D. R.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering\u2014CEB, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0801-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvio B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering\u2014CEB, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula R. S.","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network\u2014HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Bras\u00edlia, Distrito Federal, Bras\u00edlia 72220-275, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia H.","family":"Silva-Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Caf\u00e9 Avenue S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Helena F. O.","family":"Paranhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Caf\u00e9 Avenue S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1629-2207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network\u2014HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5674-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evandro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network\u2014HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Caf\u00e9 Avenue S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03013-2","article-title":"The challenge of ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis in COVID-19 patients","volume":"24","author":"Francois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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