{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:09:14Z","timestamp":1770710954790,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recurrent emergence of infection outbreaks associated with shellfish consumption is of extreme importance for public health. The present study investigated the potential application of phages AH-1, AH-4, and AH-5 to inactivate Aeromonas hydrophila, a causative agent of infections in humans associated with bivalve shellfish consumption. The inactivation of A. hydrophila was assessed in vitro, using a liquid culture medium, and in vivo, using artificially contaminated cockles with A. hydrophila ATCC 7966. In the in vitro experiments, all phages were effective against A. hydrophila, but phage AH-1 (with a maximum reduction of 7.7 log colonies forming units CFU\/mL) was more effective than phages AH-4 and AH-5 (with reductions of 4.9 and 4.5 log CFU\/mL, respectively). The cocktails AH-1\/AH-4, AH-1\/AH-5, AH-4\/AH-5, and AH-1\/AH-4\/AH-5 were slightly more effective than the single phage suspensions. The phages presented a low emergence rate of phage-resistant mutants. When artificially contaminated cockles were treated in static seawater with phage AH-1, around 44% of the added A. hydrophila (1.0 log CFU\/g) was inactivated. The results of this study suggest that phage therapy can be an effective alternative to control human pathogenic bacteria during depuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T10:30:25Z","timestamp":1623666625000},"page":"710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Bacteriophages with Potential to Inactivate Aeromonas hydrophila in Cockles: In Vitro and In Vivo Preliminary Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3394-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9209-7687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelaide","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2010.11.032","article-title":"Microbial contamination and purification of bivalve shellfish: Crucial aspects in monitoring and future perspectives\u2014A mini-review","volume":"22","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"FAO (2020). 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