{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:33:36Z","timestamp":1775147616456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was financially supported by: Base Funding - UIDB\/00511\/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy \u2013 LEPABE - funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC); Project Biocide_for_Biofilm-PTDC\/BI","award":["This work was financially supported by: Base Funding - UIDB\/00511\/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy \u2013 LEPABE - funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC); Project Biocide_for_Biofilm-PTDC\/BI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This work was financially supported by: Base Funding - UIDB\/00511\/2020 of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy \u2013 LEPABE - funded by national funds through the FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC); Project Biocide_for_Biofilm-PTDC\/BI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI). Separated systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were carried out in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases from January 2005 to May 2020, following PRISMA protocols. Studies were selected according to specific and defined inclusion\/exclusion criteria. The obtained outcomes were grouped into biofilm production (BFP) prevalence, BFP in resistant vs. susceptible strains, persistent vs. non-persistent BSI, survivor vs. non-survivor patients with BSI, and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) vs. non-CAUTI. Single-arm and two-arm analyses were conducted for data analysis. In vitro BFP in BSI was highly related to resistant strains (odds ratio-OR: 2.68; 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.60\u20134.47; p &lt; 0.01), especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. BFP was also highly linked to BSI persistence (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.28\u20135.48; p &lt; 0.01) and even to mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53\u20132.74; p &lt; 0.01). Candida spp. was the microorganism group where the highest associations were observed. Biofilms seem to impact Candida BSI independently from clinical differences, including treatment interventions. Regarding UTI, multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli, were linked to a great BFP prevalence (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.30\u20136.54; p &lt; 0.01 and OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.33\u20135.86; p &lt; 0.01). More in vitro BFP was shown in CAUTI compared to non-CAUTI, but with less statistical confidence (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.67\u201310.17; p &lt; 0.17). This study highlights that biofilms must be recognized as a BSI and UTI resistance factor as well as a BSI virulence factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T04:32:49Z","timestamp":1625718769000},"page":"825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prevalence and Impact of Biofilms on Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Henrique","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEQ\u2014Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DEQ\u2014Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, W., Wang, Y., Liu, L., and He, J. 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