{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:09:34Z","timestamp":1776524974656,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes); Sergipe Agricultural Development Company (Emdagro); the Industrial Biotechnology Program, University Tiradentes, and by the Banco do Nordeste","award":["CAPES, Emdagro, BN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES, Emdagro, BN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silver nanoparticles are widely used in the biomedical and agri-food fields due to their versatility. The use of biological methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has increased considerably due to their feasibility and high biocompatibility. In general, microorganisms have been widely explored for the production of silver nanoparticles for several applications. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of entomopathogenic fungi for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, in comparison to the use of other filamentous fungi, and the possibility of using these nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents and for the control of insect pests. In addition, the in vitro methods commonly used to assess the toxicity of these materials are discussed. Several species of filamentous fungi are known to have the ability to form silver nanoparticles, but few studies have been conducted on the potential of entomopathogenic fungi to produce these materials. The investigation of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is usually carried out in vitro through cytotoxicity\/genotoxicity analyses, using well-established methodologies, such as MTT and comet assays, respectively. The use of silver nanoparticles obtained through entomopathogenic fungi against insects is mainly focused on mosquitoes that transmit diseases to humans, with satisfactory results regarding mortality estimates. Entomopathogenic fungi can be employed in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles for potential use in insect control, but there is a need to expand studies on toxicity so to enable their use also in insect control in agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T22:25:31Z","timestamp":1626215131000},"page":"852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Entomopathogenic Fungi: Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanopesticides, and Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"T\u00e1rcio S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarcisio M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Juliana C.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo L. C. de","family":"Albuquerque-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zielinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland"}]},{"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcelo da Costa","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Sergipe Agricultural Development Company (Emdagro), Av. Carlos Rodrigues da Cruz s\/n, Aracaju 49081-015, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-021-00163-z","article-title":"A short review on nanotechnology interventions against COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Tharayil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633419","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.633419","article-title":"Editorial: Nanotechnology in Traditional Medicines and Natural Products","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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