{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T16:06:09Z","timestamp":1775232369466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/133266\/2017 (Medicina Cl\u00ednica e Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/133266\/2017 (Medicina Cl\u00ednica e Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT\/MCTES (UIDB\/50006\/2020 and UIDP\/50006\/2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES (UIDB\/50006\/2020 and UIDP\/50006\/2020)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigation (AEI) of Spain and FEDER of EU","award":["SAF2016-76571-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016-76571-R"]}]},{"name":"Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","award":["The PNE Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The PNE Program"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL and acquired-AmpC (qAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and sick dogs in Portugal. Three hundred and sixty-one faecal samples from sick and healthy dogs were seeded on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 \u00b5g\/mL) for cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli recovery. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 15 antibiotics was performed and the ESBL-phenotype of the E. coli isolates was screened. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and molecular typing of the isolates (phylogroups, multilocus-sequence-typing, and specific-ST131) were performed by PCR (and sequencing when required). CTXRE. coli isolates were obtained in 51\/361 faecal samples analysed (14.1%), originating from 36\/234 sick dogs and 15\/127 healthy dogs. Forty-seven ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were recovered from 32 sick (13.7%) and 15 healthy animals (11.8%). Different variants of blaCTX-M genes were detected among 45\/47 ESBL-producers: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 26), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 10), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 2), and blaCTX-M-variant (n = 1); one ESBL-positive isolate co-produced CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 enzymes. Moreover, two additional CTXR ESBL-negative E. coli isolates were CMY-2-producers (qAmpC). Ten different sequence types were identified (ST\/phylogenetic-group\/\u03b2-lactamase): ST131\/B2\/CTX-M-15, ST617\/A\/CTX-M-55, ST3078\/B1\/CTX-M-32, ST542\/A\/CTX-M-14, ST57\/D\/CTX-M-1, ST12\/B2\/CTX-M-15, ST6448\/B1\/CTX-M-15 + CMY-2, ST5766\/A\/CTX-M-32, ST115\/D\/CMY-2 and a new-ST\/D\/CMY-2. Five variants of CTX-M enzymes (CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-1 predominant) and eight different clonal complexes were detected from canine ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Although at a lower rate, CMY-2 \u03b2-lactamase was also found. Dogs remain frequent carriers of ESBL and\/or qAmpC-producing E. coli with a potential zoonotic role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10081013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T21:42:12Z","timestamp":1629668532000},"page":"1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Diversity of Clones among Faecal ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy and Sick Dogs Living in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Cascais da Onevet, 2775-352 Parede, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Veterin\u00e1ria do Vouga, 3740-253 Sever do Vouga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Safia Chenouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Exploration and Valuation of the Steppe Ecosystem, University of Djelfa, Djelfa 17000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes, 5000-056 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Veterin\u00e1rio de Macedo de Cavaleiros, 5340-202 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetRedondo, Consult\u00f3rio Veterin\u00e1rio de Monte Redondo Unipessoal Lda, Monte Redondo, 2425-618 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Madjid","family":"Sadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology Related to Animals Reproduction, Universit\u00e9 Saad Dahlab de Blida, Blida 09000, Algeria"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Fa\u00e7anha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Veterin\u00e1rio Jorge Fa\u00e7anha, 5140-060 Carrazeda de Ansi\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5974-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazle","family":"Rabbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Computer Society, Docklands, Melbourne, VIC 3008, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Capita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Alonso-Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2146-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"de Lurdes Nunes Enes Dapkevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6365-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Igrejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Poeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory Associated for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02852","article-title":"Increasing Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli From Diseased Pets in Beijing, China From 2012 to 2017","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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