{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:26:34Z","timestamp":1761294394584,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO, which is financed by national funds from FCT (UIDP\/04378\/2020 and UIDB\/04378\/2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO, which is financed by national funds from FCT (UIDP\/04378\/2020 and UIDB\/04378\/2020)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007546","name":"French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANSES Lyon"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSES Lyon"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9152-13-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9152-13-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T10:23:17Z","timestamp":1637058197000},"page":"1403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3729-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josman","family":"Dantas Palmeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE\u2014University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"PICTIS\u2014International Platform for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health, Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal) & FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1333-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Haenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Madec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"Helena Maria Neto","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE\u2014University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0336-y","article-title":"Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance: A systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Naylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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