{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T10:09:52Z","timestamp":1776766192298,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MESRSFC and CNRST","award":["PPR2\u201335\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR2\u201335\/2016"]}]},{"name":"MESRSFC and CNRST","award":["PTDC\/EEIAUT\/31172\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEIAUT\/31172\/2017"]}]},{"name":"MESRSFC and CNRST","award":["02\/SAICT\/2017\/31172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/SAICT\/2017\/31172"]}]},{"name":"CIQUP, Faculty of Science, University of Porto","award":["PPR2\u201335\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR2\u201335\/2016"]}]},{"name":"CIQUP, Faculty of Science, University of Porto","award":["PTDC\/EEIAUT\/31172\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEIAUT\/31172\/2017"]}]},{"name":"CIQUP, Faculty of Science, University of Porto","award":["02\/SAICT\/2017\/31172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/SAICT\/2017\/31172"]}]},{"name":"IMS\u2013Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Higher School of Biotechnology of the University of Porto","award":["PPR2\u201335\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR2\u201335\/2016"]}]},{"name":"IMS\u2013Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Higher School of Biotechnology of the University of Porto","award":["PTDC\/EEIAUT\/31172\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEIAUT\/31172\/2017"]}]},{"name":"IMS\u2013Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Higher School of Biotechnology of the University of Porto","award":["02\/SAICT\/2017\/31172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/SAICT\/2017\/31172"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymus capitatus is a Mediterranean endemic plant commonly known as \u201cZa\u00eftra\u201d in northern Morocco. As T. capitatus is widely used in traditional medicine and food, this present work aims to investigate the chemical compositions and biological activities of the T. capitatus leaves essential oil (TcLEO), acetonic (TcLAE), and methanolic extract (TcLME). The spectrophotometric determination demonstrated that T. capitatus is a natural source rich in phenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) and that TcLME revealed the highest TPC and TFC than TcLAE and TcLEO. The LC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds showed that paraben acid was predominant in both TcLME and TcLAE, followed by cinnamic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. GC-MS analysis of the TcLEO revealed the presence of a total of 10 compounds, which were predominated by carvacrol. The antioxidant activity by ORAC was observed to be significantly higher in TcLEO and TcLAE than in TcLME. All samples used to assess DNA degradation effectively prevented DNA oxidation and, at the same time, had a prooxidant effect. The genotoxicity test showed that the T. capitatus were devoid of any mutagenic activity. Concerning antifungal activity, all samples were able to inhibit the growth of all microorganisms tested at low concentrations. TcLAE showed higher activity than TcLME, and in general, dermatophytes were more susceptible, being Microsporum canis the most sensitive one. Overall, the results obtained from this study confirm the wide uses of T. capitatus. Furthermore, the finding results suggest that the T. capitatus essential oil and extracts can be highly useful for pharmaceutical industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1652875177000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Thymus capitatus, a Medicinal Plant Collected from Northern Morocco"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2355-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Benoutman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5142-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El Hadi","family":"Erbiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"},{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Edderdaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El Khalil","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rabah","family":"Saidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Zouhaire","family":"Lamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2948-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eug\u00e9nia","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim C. G.","family":"Esteves da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9280-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelfettah","family":"Maouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development Laboratory, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.12.007","article-title":"Efficacy of Natural Antimicrobials in Toothpaste Formulations against Oral Biofilms in Vitro","volume":"39","author":"Verkaik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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