{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:14:56Z","timestamp":1773861296288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["PTDC\/SAU-INF\/28466\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/SAU-INF\/28466\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most prevalent microorganism in diabetic foot infections (DFI) is Staphylococcus aureus, an important multidrug-resistant pathogen. The antimicrobial peptide nisin is a promising compound for DFI treatment, being effective against S. aureus. However, to avoid the selection of resistant mutants, correct drug therapeutic doses must be established, being also important to understand if nisin subinhibitory concentrations (subMIC) can potentiate resistant genes transfer between clinical isolates or mutations in genes associated with nisin resistance. The mutant selection window (MSW) of nisin was determined for 23 DFI S. aureus isolates; a protocol aiming to prompt vanA horizontal transfer between enterococci to clinical S. aureus was performed; and nisin subMIC effect on resistance evolution was assessed through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) applied to isolates subjected to a MEGA-plate assay. MSW ranged from 5\u2013360 \u03bcg\/mL for two isolates, from 5\u2013540 \u03bcg\/mL for three isolates, and from 5\u2013720 \u03bcg\/mL for one isolate. In the presence of nisin subMIC values, no transconjugants were obtained, indicating that nisin does not seem to promote vanA transfer. Finally, WGS analysis showed that incubation in the presence of nisin subMIC did not promote the occurrence of significant mutations in genes related to nisin resistance, supporting nisin application to DFI treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T08:28:25Z","timestamp":1658219305000},"page":"972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nisin Mutant Prevention Concentration and the Role of Subinhibitory Concentrations on Resistance Development by Diabetic Foot Staphylococci"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Meirinhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5641-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1424-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.2.217","article-title":"Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients with Diabetes","volume":"293","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2189","article-title":"Health Care Service and Outcomes Among an Estimated 6.7 Million Ambulatory Care Diabetic Foot Cases in the U.S","volume":"40","author":"Skrepnek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00551-07","article-title":"Bacteriology of Moderate-to-Severe Diabetic Foot Infections and In Vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"45","author":"Citron","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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