{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:02:35Z","timestamp":1774944155194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["ISCIII-AES-2019\/002740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII-AES-2019\/002740"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["IFI19\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFI19\/00013"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CB21\/13\/00084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00084"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CEECIND\/CP1662\/CT0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/CP1662\/CT0009"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["ISCIII-AES-2019\/002740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII-AES-2019\/002740"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["IFI19\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFI19\/00013"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["CB21\/13\/00084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00084"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["CEECIND\/CP1662\/CT0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/CP1662\/CT0009"]}]},{"name":"CIBERINFEC","award":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["ISCIII-AES-2019\/002740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII-AES-2019\/002740"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["IFI19\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFI19\/00013"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["CB21\/13\/00084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00084"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["CEECIND\/CP1662\/CT0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/CP1662\/CT0009"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/4255\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasmidic AmpC (pAmpC) enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of extended-spectrum cephalosporins but they are not routinely investigated in many clinical laboratories. Phenotypic assays, currently the reference methods, are cumbersome and culture dependent. These methods compare the activity of cephalosporins with and without class C inhibitors and the results are provided in 24\u201348 h. Detection by molecular methods is quicker, but several genes should be investigated. A new assay for the rapid phenotypic detection of pAmpC enzymes of the Enterobacterales group-I (not usually AmpC producers) based on flow cytometry technology was developed and validated. The technology was evaluated in two sites: FASTinov, a spin-off of Porto University (Portugal) where the technology was developed, and the Microbiology Department of Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital in Madrid (Spain). A total of 100 strains were phenotypically screened by disk diffusion for the pAmpC with the new 2 h assay. Molecular detection of the pAmpC genes was also performed on discrepant results. Forty-two percent of the strains were phenotypically classified as pAmpC producers using disk diffusion. The percentage of agreement of the flow cytometric assay was 93.0%, with 95.5% sensitivity and 91.1% specificity. Our proposed rapid assay based on flow cytometry technology can, in two hours, accurately detect pAmpC enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapid Detection of Plasmid AmpC Beta-Lactamases by a Flow Cytometry Assay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Martins-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov: S.A., 4450-676 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"P\u00e9rez-Viso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Silva-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov: S.A., 4450-676 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov: S.A., 4450-676 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Peixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1171-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Cant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Cid\u00e1lia","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASTinov: S.A., 4450-676 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1013","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the treatment of AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections","volume":"74","author":"Tamma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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