{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:01:31Z","timestamp":1775070091428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Operational Program of Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/SAU-SER\/31678\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/SAU-SER\/31678\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Operational Program of Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.05141.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05141.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/SAU-SER\/31678\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/SAU-SER\/31678\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.05141.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05141.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic resistance remains a crucial global public health problem with excessive and inappropriate antibiotic use representing an important driver of this issue. Strategies to improve antibiotic prescription and dispensing are required in primary health care settings. The main purpose of this review is to identify and synthesize available evidence on the economic impact of educational interventions to reduce prescription and dispensing of antibiotics among primary health care professionals. Information about the clinical impact resulting from the implementation of interventions was also gathered. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE were the scientific databases used to search and identify relevant studies. Of the thirty-three selected articles, most consisted of a simple intervention, such as a guideline implementation, while the others involved multifaceted interventions, and differed regarding study populations, designs and settings. Main findings were grouped either into clinical or cost outcomes. Twenty of the thirty-three articles included studies reporting a reduction in outcome costs, namely in antibiotic cost and associated prescription costs, in part due to an overall improvement in the appropriateness of antibiotic use. The findings of this study show that the implementation of educational interventions is a cost-effective strategy to reduce antibiotic prescription and dispensing among primary healthcare providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1662410905000},"page":"1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Educational Interventions to Reduce Prescription and Dispensing of Antibiotics in Primary Care: A Systematic Review of Economic Impact"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7928-6387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6123-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9703-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic of Guarda (UDI-IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5766-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Figueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health\u2014CIBERESP), 28001 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Herdeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO (2015). 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