{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:09:44Z","timestamp":1771484984127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","award":["2018\/06582-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/06582-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/06582-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/06582-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the anti-caries and anti-inflammatory effects of mouthwash formulations containing Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract (PPE), sodium-trimetaphosphate, and low concentrations of fluoride. PPE was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (ellagic acid and punicalagin). Total phenolics were quantified among formulations, and their stability was analyzed for 28 days. The formulation effects were evaluated as follows: (1) inorganic component concentration and reduced demineralization on bovine enamel blocks subjected to pH cycling; (2) anti-biofilm effect on dual-biofilms of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 treated for 1 and 10 min, respectively; and (3) cytotoxicity and production of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). The formulation containing 3% PPE, 0.3% sodium-trimetaphosphate, and 225 ppm of fluoride resulted in a 34.5% surface hardness loss; a 13% (treated for 1 min) and 36% (treated for 10 min) biofilm reduction in S. mutans; a 26% (1 min) and 36% (10 min) biofilm reduction in C. albicans; absence of cytotoxicity; and anti-inflammatory activity confirmed by decreased interleukin-6 production in mouse macrophages. Thus, our results provide a promising prospect for the development of an alcohol-free commercial dental product with the health benefits of P. granatum that have been recognized for a millennium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1666700985000},"page":"1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pomegranate Extract Potentiates the Anti-Demineralizing, Anti-Biofilm, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Non-Alcoholic Mouthwash When Associated with Sodium-Fluoride Trimetaphosphate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gabriela Lopes","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Miranda","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2091-649X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelle","family":"Danelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto\u2014UNAERP, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14096-039, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nayara Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Emerenciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andresa Aparecida","family":"Berretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apis Flora Industrial and Comercial Ltd. Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andrei Felipe Moreira","family":"Buszinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apis Flora Industrial and Comercial Ltd. Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Issa","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apis Flora Industrial and Comercial Ltd. Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Thaila Fernanda dos","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jessica Aparecida de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apis Flora Industrial and Comercial Ltd. Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14020-670, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-4853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Carlos Botazzo","family":"Delbem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0000-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia Carina Morais da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vair\u00e3o, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3623-5093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora Barros","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ara\u00e7atuba, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Ara\u00e7atuba 16015-050, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philip, N., and Walsh, L.J. 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