{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:12:44Z","timestamp":1768011164023,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MED UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"the Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/0101\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the plants of the genus Euphorbia are largely exploited by therapists in Morocco, the composition and antibacterial activities of propolis from these plants are still unknown. To address this gap, this study aimed to characterize the pollen type, the volatile compounds, and the phenolic and mineral profiles of three Euphorbia propolis samples collected in Morocco and evaluate their antimicrobial activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the propolis samples was determined by the microdilution method, and the anti-adherence activity was evaluated by the crystal violet assay. The examination of anti-quorum-sensing proprieties was performed using the biosensor Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Pollen analysis revealed that Euphorbia resinifera pollen dominated in the P1 sample (58%), while E. officinarum pollen dominated in the P2 and P3 samples (44%). The volatile compounds were primarily composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons, constituting 35% in P1 and 31% in P2, with \u03b1-pinene being the major component in both cases, at 16% in P1 and 15% in P2. Calcium (Ca) was the predominant mineral element in both E. resinifera (P1) and E. officinarum (P2 and P3) propolis samples. Higher levels of phenols, flavonoids and dihydroflavonoids were detected in the E. officinarum P2 sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranged from 50 to 450 \u00b5L\/mL against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Euphorbia propolis displayed the ability to inhibit quorum sensing in the biosensor C. violaceum CV026 and disrupted bacterial biofilm formation, including that of resistant bacterial pathogens. In summary, the current study evidences the potential use of E. officinarum propolis (P2 and P3) to combat important features of resistant pathogenic bacteria, such as quorum sensing and biofilm formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:31:23Z","timestamp":1709263883000},"page":"230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemical Characterization and Biological Properties Assessment of Euphorbia resinifera and Euphorbia officinarum Moroccan Propolis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6920-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oumaima","family":"Boutoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30050, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Soukaina","family":"El-Guendouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30050, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lahsen","family":"El Ghadraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30050, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0675-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Dias","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3878-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Leonor","family":"Faleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Champalimaud Researh Program, Chaupalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Ci\u00eancias), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), Biotecnologia Vegetal, DBV, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia M.","family":"Estevinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gra\u00e7a","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Mediterr\u00e2neo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (MED), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ramesh, C., Gupta, L., and Srivastava, A. 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