{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:39Z","timestamp":1760146839588,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CESPU-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio","award":["CoRECattle-GI2-CESPU-2022","EnteroGEN-GI2-CESPU-2023","UIDP\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoRECattle-GI2-CESPU-2022","EnteroGEN-GI2-CESPU-2023","UIDP\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["CoRECattle-GI2-CESPU-2022","EnteroGEN-GI2-CESPU-2023","UIDP\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoRECattle-GI2-CESPU-2022","EnteroGEN-GI2-CESPU-2023","UIDP\/50006\/2020","UIDB\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/05937\/2020","UIDP\/04378\/2020","UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Animals destined for human consumption play a key role in potentially transmitting bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes. However, there is limited knowledge about the carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in native breeds. We aimed to characterize the phenotypic profiles and antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from bovines, including three native Portuguese bovine breeds. Methods: Forty-nine E. coli isolates were selected from 640 fecal samples pooled by age group (eight adult or eight calf samples) from each farm, representing both dairy cattle raised in intensive systems and meat cattle raised in extensive systems in Northern Portugal. The presumptive E. coli colonies plated onto MacConkey agar were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The antibiotic resistance profiles were screened by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST\/CLSI guidelines), and the antibiotic resistance genes by PCR. Results: Most isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (69%), tetracycline (57%), gentamicin (55%), and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (53%), with no resistance to imipenem. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was found in 92% of isolates, while 59% exhibited multidrug resistance. Most calf isolates, including those from native breeds, showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Among the adults, this was only observed in Holstein-Friesian and Barros\u00e3 cattle. None of the Holstein-Friesian isolates were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. ESBL-producing E. coli was identified in 39% of isolates, including those from Holstein-Friesian calves and adults, Cachena calves and Minhota adults. The sul2 gene was detected in 69% of isolates, followed by blaCTX-M (45%), aac(3\u2032)-IV (41%), and aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr (31%), with a higher prevalence in adults. Conclusions: This pioneering study highlights the concerning presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in native Portuguese cattle breeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:58:49Z","timestamp":1733921929000},"page":"1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dairy Cattle and the Iconic Autochthonous Cattle in Northern Portugal Are Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0854-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Quinteira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Associated Laboratory, University of Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8719-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal"},{"name":"ACRC\u2014Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Criadores da Ra\u00e7a Cachena, Parque Empresarial de Pa\u00e7\u00f4, Rua da Roca 107, 4970-249 Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno V.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal"},{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Higher Agricultural School, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9640-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Paredes, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE\u2014Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraker, M.E., Stewardson, A.J., and Harbarth, S. 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