{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:44:19Z","timestamp":1777164259039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024.05947.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.05947.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global rise in antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to public health, with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections expected to surpass cancer in mortality by 2050. As traditional antibiotic pipelines stagnate, novel therapeutic alternatives are critically needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), particularly those derived from marine organisms, have emerged as promising antimicrobial candidates due to their broad-spectrum activity, structural diversity, and distinctive mechanisms of action. Unlike conventional antibiotics, AMPs can disrupt microbial membranes, inhibit biofilm formation, and even modulate immune responses, making them highly effective against resistant bacteria. This review highlights the potential of marine AMPs as next-generation therapeutics, emphasizing their efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections. Furthermore, marine AMPs show promise in combating persister cells and disrupting quorum sensing pathways, offering new strategies for tackling chronic infections. Despite their potential, challenges such as production scalability and limited clinical validation remain; nevertheless, the use of new technologies and bioinformatic tools is accelerating the discovery and optimization of these peptides, paving the way for bypassing these challenges. This review consolidates current findings on marine AMPs, advocating for their continued exploration as viable tools in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T10:07:38Z","timestamp":1754561258000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: Emerging Strategies Against Multidrug-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7302-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOMARE\u2014Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dalila","family":"Mil-Homens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITQB NOVA\u2014Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, NOVA University of Lisbon, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOMARE\u2014Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: A Concise Update","volume":"6","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, July 27). 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