{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:21:31Z","timestamp":1769282491605,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/50027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/144289\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/144289\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: It is of the utmost importance to study environmental bacteria, as these microorganisms remain poorly characterized regarding their diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and impact on the global ecosystem. This knowledge gap is particularly pronounced for marine bacteria. In this study, we aimed to isolate bacteria from different marine samples and to gain insights into the environmental bacterial resistome, an aspect that remains largely neglected. Methods: Bacteria were isolated from several marine sources using two different culture media, and their identification was based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for selected isolates belonging to novel taxa. Antimicrobial susceptibility to seven antibiotics was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 171 bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota were obtained from diverse marine samples. The most abundant group belonged to the class Alphaproteobacteria. Thirty isolates represented novel taxa, comprising 16 new species and one new genus. Despite the challenges associated with determining antibiotic resistance profiles in environmental bacteria, only one isolate (1.8%) was pan-susceptible, whereas 54 (98.2%) showed resistance to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Moreover, 33 isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Genome analysis of four novel taxa revealed the presence of an incomplete AdeFGH efflux pump. Conclusions: This study highlights the high bacterial diversity in marine environments, the striking prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and the major methodological challenges in studying environmental bacteria. Importantly, it emphasizes the relevance of culturomics-based approaches for uncovering hidden microbial diversity and characterizing environmental resistomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1769159819000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Environmental Resistome and Bacterial Novelty in Marine Isolates from the North Portuguese Coast"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3726-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Of\u00e9lia","family":"Godinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga Maria","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAR\/CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0854-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Quinteira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Associated Laboratory, University of Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, University of Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory and Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.09.050","article-title":"Biodiversity in water and on land","volume":"22","author":"Grosberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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