{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:53:57Z","timestamp":1761897237166,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/131384\/2017 and UID\/CVT\/276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/131384\/2017 and UID\/CVT\/276\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease in dogs. This disease is initiated by a polymicrobial biofilm on the teeth surface, whose control includes its prevention and removal. Recently, it was shown that nisin displays antimicrobial activity against canine PD-related bacteria. Moreover, guar gum biogel has shown to be a promising topical delivery system for nisin. Methods: In this study we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the nisin-biogel in the presence of canine saliva and after a 24-month storage, at different conditions, using a canine oral enterococci collection. We also studied the nisin-biogel cytotoxicity using a Vero cell line and canine primary intestinal fibroblasts. Results: The presence of saliva hampers nisin-biogel antimicrobial activity, and higher nisin concentrations were required for an effective activity. A significant reduction (p \u2264 0.05) in inhibitory activity was observed for nisin-biogel solutions stored at 37 \u00b0C, over a 24-month period, which was not observed with the other conditions. The nisin-biogel showed no cytotoxicity against the cells tested at concentrations up to 200 \u00b5g\/mL. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the potential of the nisin-biogel for canine PD control, supporting the development of an in vivo clinical trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1586923306000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Polyphasic Validation of a Nisin-Biogel to Control Canine Periodontal Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5641-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando Bernardino","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2688-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta","family":"S\u00e3o Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Moreira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virbac de Portugal Laborat\u00f3rios, Lda., Rua do Centro Empresarial, Quinta da Beloura, 2710-693 Sintra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Salom\u00e9","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.02.003","article-title":"Periodontal Disease","volume":"23","author":"Niemiec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top. 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