{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:32:35Z","timestamp":1777012355120,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last few decades, attention on new natural antimicrobial compounds has arisen due to a change in consumer preferences and the increase in the number of resistant microorganisms. Macroalgae play a special role in the pursuit of new active molecules as they have been traditionally consumed and are known for their chemical and nutritional composition and their biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Among the bioactive molecules of algae, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments can be highlighted. However, for the complete obtaining and incorporation of these molecules, it is essential to achieve easy, profitable and sustainable recovery of these compounds. For this purpose, novel liquid\u2013liquid and solid\u2013liquid extraction techniques have been studied, such as supercritical, ultrasound, microwave, enzymatic, high pressure, accelerated solvent and intensity pulsed electric fields extraction techniques. Moreover, different applications have been proposed for these compounds, such as preservatives in the food or cosmetic industries, as antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry, as antibiofilm, antifouling, coating in active packaging, prebiotics or in nanoparticles. This review presents the main antimicrobial potential of macroalgae, their specific bioactive compounds and novel green extraction technologies to efficiently extract them, with emphasis on the antibacterial and antifungal data and their applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T08:57:32Z","timestamp":1601024252000},"page":"642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Macroalgae as a Source of Valuable Antimicrobial Compounds: Extraction and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8066-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-168 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4819-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Carpena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4058-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Garcia-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gull\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9011-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. F\u00e1tima","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.A.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Simal-Gandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106005","article-title":"Targeting antimicrobial drug resistance with marine natural products","volume":"5","author":"Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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