{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:46:02Z","timestamp":1766137562719,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030431","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029841","UIDB\/04469\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030431","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029841","UIDB\/04469\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"undefined  &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray;font-size:10px;&quot;&gt;undefined&lt;\/span&gt;","award":["BM13DF0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM13DF0014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraspecies diversity in biofilm communities is associated with enhanced survival and growth of the individual biofilm populations. Studies on the subject are scarce, namely, when more than three strains are present. Hence, in this study, the influence of intraspecies diversity in biofilm populations composed of up to six different Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine was evaluated in conditions mimicking the ones observed in urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. In general, with the increasing number of strains in a biofilm, an increase in cell cultivability and a decrease in matrix production were observed. For instance, single-strain biofilms produced an average of 73.1 \u00b5g\u00b7cm\u22122 of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), while six strains biofilms produced 19.9 \u00b5g\u00b7cm\u22122. Hence, it appears that increased genotypic diversity in a biofilm leads E. coli to direct energy towards the production of its offspring, in detriment of the production of public goods (i.e., matrix components). Apart from ecological implications, these results can be explored as another strategy to reduce the biofilm burden, as a decrease in EPS matrix production may render these intraspecies biofilms more sensitive to antimicrobial agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T11:02:12Z","timestamp":1605610932000},"page":"818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased Intraspecies Diversity in Escherichia coli Biofilms Promotes Cellular Growth at the Expense of Matrix Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0521-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia S.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biofilmes Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gislaine P.","family":"Gerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biofilmes Ros\u00e1rio Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vair\u00e3o, 4485-655 Vila Do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5165-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5233-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe J.","family":"Mergulh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno F.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.002251","article-title":"Bacterial Biofilms in Nature and Disease","volume":"41","author":"Costerton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. 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