{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:04:50Z","timestamp":1778605490752,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\/ILIND","award":["Grant Programme FIPID 2019\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Programme FIPID 2019\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>LOX (lysyl oxidase) and lysyl oxidase like-1\u20134 (LOXL 1\u20134) are amine oxidases, which catalyze cross-linking reactions of elastin and collagen in the connective tissue. These amine oxidases also allow the cross-link of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix of tumors, facilitating the process of cell migration and the formation of metastases. LOXL2 is of particular interest in cancer biology as it is highly expressed in some tumors. This protein also promotes oncogenic transformation and affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells. LOX and LOXL2 inhibition have thus been suggested as a promising strategy to prevent metastasis and invasion of breast cancer. BAPN (\u03b2-aminopropionitrile) was the first compound described as a LOX inhibitor and was obtained from a natural source. However, novel synthetic compounds that act as LOX\/LOXL2 selective inhibitors or as dual LOX\/LOX-L inhibitors have been recently developed. In this review, we describe LOX enzymes and their role in promoting cancer development and metastases, with a special focus on LOXL2 and breast cancer progression. Moreover, the recent advances in the development of LOXL2 inhibitors are also addressed. Overall, this work contextualizes and explores the importance of LOXL2 inhibition as a promising novel complementary and effective therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1613725570000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["LOXL2 Inhibitors and Breast Cancer Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences &amp; Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1333-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences &amp; Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences &amp; Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6350-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences &amp; Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9639(03)00053-0","article-title":"Structural and functional diversity of lysyl oxidase and the LOX-like proteins","volume":"1647","author":"Molnar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim. 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