{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:22:46Z","timestamp":1770837766446,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007064","name":"University of Ja\u00e9n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UJA2014\/07\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJA2014\/07\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["BIO-341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIO-341"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Erythrodiol (EO) is a pentacyclic triterpenic alcohol found in olive tree leaves and olive oil, and it has important effects on the health properties and quality of olive oil. In this study, we characterized the cytotoxic effects of EO on human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by studying changes in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant defense systems, and the proteome. The results reveal that EO markedly decreased HepG2 cell viability without changing ROS levels. The concentrations of glutathione and NADPH were significantly reduced, with selective changes in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Proteomic data reveal that EO led to the complete elimination or decreased abundance of 41 and 3 proteins, respectively, and the abundance of 29 proteins increased. The results of functional enrichment analysis show that important metabolic processes and the nuclear transport of mature mRNA were impaired, whereas AMP biosynthesis and cell cycle G2\/M phase transition were induced. The transcription factors and miRNAs involved in this response were also identified. These potent antiproliferative effects make EO a good candidate for the further analysis of its hepatic antitumor effects in in vivo studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11010073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1640745087000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Erythrodiol on the Antioxidant Response and Proteome of HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Pe\u00f1as-Fuentes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4192-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Siles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva E.","family":"Rufino-Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Reyes-Zurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9095-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Lupi\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva 1, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9940-9065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fuentes-Almagro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Unit, Central Service of Support to Research, University of C\u00f3rdoba (SCAI), 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7502-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Perag\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6671","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401495t","article-title":"Time course of pentacyclic triterpenoids from fruits and leaves of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. 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