{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:45:19Z","timestamp":1774525519124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"I&amp;D project cLabel+: Innovative \u201cclean label\u201d natural, nutritious and consumer-oriented foods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"I&amp;D project cLabel+: Innovative \u201cclean label\u201d natural, nutritious and consumer-oriented foods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00102\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"I&amp;D project cLabel+: Innovative \u201cclean label\u201d natural, nutritious and consumer-oriented foods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["UIDP\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Portugal","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chritmum maritimum, sea fennel, is a facultative halophyte used in salads, soups, and sauces, as well as used to prepare medicinal juices and aqueous extracts (AE) to treat several ailments. Its essential oil (EO) is used as a spice and aromatizing. In this work, the nutritional (crude protein, fiber, lipids, and ashes content) and HPLC-PDA phenolic profiles were determined. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the infusion and of the decoction, as well as the antibacterial activity of both, the AE and EO, were assessed against food-contaminating bacteria. The composition of the EO was also established. Sea fennel exhibited considerable fiber (34.3 \u00b1 1.92%) and mineral content (23.6 \u00b1 4.8%). AE contains chlorogenic acid as the major phenolic compound, 49.7 \u00b1 0.8 mg\/g in the infusion dry extract and (26.8 \u00b1 0.9 mg\/g in the decoction dry extract). EO contains high amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons, namely \u03b3-terpinene and sabinene. In regards to the antioxidant activity, IC50 values for the infusion and decoction were, respectively: 36.5 \u00b1 1.4 \u03bcg\/mL and 44.7 \u00b1 4.4 \u03bcg\/mL in the DPPH assay; 37.3 \u00b1 2.6 \u03bcg\/mL and 38.4 \u00b1 1.8 \u03bcg\/mL, in the ABTS assay. EO is particularly active against Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results support the use of sea fennel AE and EO as a potential alternative preservative ingredient for feeds, foods, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, due to the antioxidant activity of infusion and decoction, and antibacterial properties of essential oil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:21:54Z","timestamp":1674616914000},"page":"252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Exploiting the Crithmum maritimum L. Aqueous Extracts and Essential Oil as Potential Preservatives in Food, Feed, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9797-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Pedreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Figueirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5937-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cavaleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozsik, N., Cubillos, J., Stalbek, B., Vasa, L., and Magda, R. 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