{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:40:55Z","timestamp":1772113255224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A biorefinery process was developed for a freeze-dried pomace of calafate berries (Berberis microphylla). The process consisted of extraction of lipophilic components with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and subsequent extraction of the residue with a pressurized mixture of ethanol\/water (1:1 v\/v). scCO2 extracted oil from the pomace, while pressurized liquid extraction generated a crude extract rich in phenols and a residue rich in fiber, proteins and minerals. Response surface analysis of scCO2 extraction suggested optimal conditions of 60 \u00b0C, 358.5 bar and 144.6 min to obtain a lipid extract yield of 11.15% (d.w.). The dark yellow oil extract contained a good ratio of \u03c96\/\u03c93 fatty acids (1:1.2), provitamin E tocopherols (406.6 mg\/kg), and a peroxide index of 8.6 meq O2\/kg. Pressurized liquid extraction generated a polar extract with good phenolic content (33 mg gallic acid equivalents \/g d.w.), anthocyanins (8 mg\/g) and antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test = 25 \u00b5g\/mL and antioxidant activity = 63 \u00b5M Te\/g). The extraction kinetics of oil by scCO2 and phenolic compounds were optimally adjusted to the spline model (R2 = 0.989 and R2 = 0.999, respectively). The solid extracted residue presented a fiber content close to cereals (56.4% d.w.) and acceptable values of proteins (29.6% d.w.) and minerals (14.1% d.w.). These eco-friendly processes valorize calafate pomace as a source of ingredients for formulation of healthy foods, nutraceuticals and nutritional supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T07:56:48Z","timestamp":1675065408000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sequential Biorefining of Bioactive Compounds of High Functional Value from Calafate Pomace (Berberis microphylla) Using Supercritical CO2 and Pressurized Liquids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-9065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Ortiz-Viedma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca 964, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3387-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Bastias-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda en Alimentos, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Avda Andr\u00e9s Bello 720, Chillan 3800708, Chile"}]},{"given":"Cielo","family":"Char","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca 964, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca 964, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Quintriqueo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca 964, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Gall\u00f3n-Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medell\u00edn, Medell\u00edn 050034, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Talca 3460000, Chile"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Bioprocesos, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, V. Mackenna 3860, Santiago 8940000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Nutrici\u00f3n y Bromatolog\u00eda, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Barros-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Nutrici\u00f3n y Bromatolog\u00eda, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2017.01.003","article-title":"Biorefining of Blackcurrant Pomace into High Value Functional Ingredients using Supercritical CO2, pressurized liquid and enzyme assisted extractions","volume":"124","author":"Basegmez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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