{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:55:16Z","timestamp":1768823716619,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2019-111133RB-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111133RB-100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Signaling and detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are important patho-physiologcal processes. Despite this, we lack comprehensive information on individual cells and cellular structures and functions affected by ROS, which is essential to build quantitative models of the effects of ROS. The thiol groups from cysteines (Cys) in proteins play a major role in redox defense, signaling, and protein function. In this study, we show that the proteins in each subcellular compartment contain a characteristic Cys amount. Using a fluorescent assay for -SH in thiolate form and amino groups in proteins, we show that the thiolate content correlates with ROS sensitivity and signaling properties of each compartment. The highest absolute thiolate concentration was found in the nucleolus, followed by the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm whereas protein thiolate groups per protein showed an inverse pattern. In the nucleoplasm, protein reactive thiols concentrated in SC35 speckles, SMN, and the IBODY that accumulated oxidized RNA. Our findings have important functional consequences, and explain differential sensitivity to ROS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T01:32:57Z","timestamp":1686792777000},"page":"1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Each Cellular Compartment Has a Characteristic Protein Reactive Cysteine Ratio Determining Its Sensitivity to Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2291-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Pires das","family":"Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB\u2014Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"IIIUC\u2014Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Chagoyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Biotecnolog\u00eda, CSIC, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Martinez-Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Docencia M\u00e9dica, Hospital Universitario Vinalop\u00f3, 03293 Elx, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biotecnology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotecnology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Calatrava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog\u00eda, 46009 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IC Biomed, 03638 Salinas, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Iborra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe (CIPF), Primo Yufera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)01368-B","article-title":"Persistent oxidative stress in cancer","volume":"358","author":"Toyokuni","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.04.032","article-title":"Molecular events associated with reactive oxygen species and cell cycle progression in mammalian cells","volume":"337","author":"Boonstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00480-4","article-title":"Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide\/glutathione couple","volume":"30","author":"Schafer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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