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testosterone (T) levels are a major cause of male infertility, as this hormone is crucial for several processes throughout the entire male reproductive tract. Leydig cells (LC) produce T through testicular steroidogenesis. Disrupted LC function can hinder steroid production and fertility. Among the factors that affect steroidogenesis, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) raise concerns, as they disturb hormonal signaling. Chromium is classified as an EDC, and its main forms are hexavalent (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). While Cr(III) is controversially regarded as an essential metal, its compound Cr(III) picolinate (CrPic3) is used as a nutritional supplement due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. This review aims to identify the possible effects of CrPic3 on testicular steroidogenesis and thus, on male fertility. The detriments caused by CrPic3 in LC include the inhibition of enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, and, as in other cells, the induction of mutagenesis and apoptosis. Remarkably, CrPic3 impacts male fertility through the alteration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), T levels, and sperm parameters (sperm motility and abnormal sperm count). However, gaps and inconsistencies exist in the literature concerning its effects on male fertility. Thus, further research is imperative to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of CrPic3 in the physiological processes relevant to male fertility, ensuring the supplement\u2019s safety for use by men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T10:01:53Z","timestamp":1691316113000},"page":"1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Chromium Picolinate on Testicular Steroidogenesis and Antioxidant Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana D.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"de Lourdes Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4989-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009","volume":"92","author":"Adamson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. 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