{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:29:57Z","timestamp":1775597397518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2021.08361.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.08361.BD"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["2021.07764.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07764.BD"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["2021.08361.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.08361.BD"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["2021.07764.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07764.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2021.08361.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.08361.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2021.07764.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07764.BD"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031734"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["2021.08361.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.08361.BD"]}]},{"name":"Joana Serra from Nopabril LDA, from Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal","award":["2021.07764.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.07764.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) are natural food sources containing a wide variety of bioactive compounds, complementing their rich nutritional composition. These bee products are being explored to empower functional foods, with the term functionality being dependent on the bioactive compounds added to the food matrix. However, there is not enough evidence of the effect of heat on these compounds during food processing and production and how it impacts their biological activity. Here, we enriched traditional bread by adding BP and BB at different proportions of 1 to 5% and tested the thermal stability of their bioactive compounds through several spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. Adding bee pollen and bee bread to bread resulted in a 4 and 5-fold increase in total phenolic content, respectively. While not all the 38 phenolic and phenolamide compounds identified in the raw BP and BB were detected in the processed bread, phenolamides were found to be more resilient to baking and heat treatment than flavonoids. Still, the enriched bread\u2019s antioxidant activity improved with the addition of BP and BB. Therefore, incorporating bee products into heat-treated products could enhance the functionality of staple foods and increase the accessibility to these natural products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12091691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:48:15Z","timestamp":1693388895000},"page":"1691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Thermal Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Bioactive Compounds in Bread Enriched with Bee Pollen and Bee Bread"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Seymanur","family":"Ertosun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Volkan","family":"Aylanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3735-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraia I.","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8665-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2006.10.008","article-title":"Consumption Stereotypes and Impression Management: How you are what you eat","volume":"48","author":"Vartanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yucel, B., Topal, E., and Kosoglu, M. 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