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Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed promising results in different tumor models. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is especially challenging due to its late diagnosis, poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Therefore, defining new therapeutic targets and regimens could improve patient management. This study intends to evaluate AgNPs\u2019 effect in ccRCC cells and explore their potential combinatory effect with Everolimus and Radiotherapy. AgNPs were synthesized, and their effect was evaluated regarding their entering pathway, cellular proliferation capacity, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assessment. AgNPs were combined with Everolimus or used to sensitize cells to radiotherapy. AgNPs are cytotoxic to 786-O cells, a ccRCC cell line, entering through endocytosis, increasing ROS, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane, and blocking the cell cycle, leading to a reduction of proliferation capacity and apoptosis. Combined with Everolimus, AgNPs reduce cell viability and inhibit proliferation capacity. Moreover, 786-O is intrinsically resistant to radiation, but after AgNPs\u2019 administration, radiation induces cytotoxicity through mitochondrial membrane depolarization and S phase blockage. These results demonstrate AgNPs\u2019 cytotoxic potential against ccRCC and seem promising regarding the combination with Everolimus and sensitization to radiotherapy, which can, in the future, benefit ccRCC patients\u2019 management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T06:45:35Z","timestamp":1701153935000},"page":"2051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Enhancers of Everolimus and Radiotherapy Sensitivity on Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of 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Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Lencart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiobiology and Radiological Protection Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st floor, Rua Dr Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4490-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsi S.","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7489-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr 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Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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