{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:49:28Z","timestamp":1766159368879,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) as part of the scientific activity of the Medical University of Bialystok"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>UVA radiation leads to oxidative stress and inflammation in skin cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of lipid extracts from microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica (N.o.) (marine) and Chlorococcum amblystomatis (C.a.) (freshwater) on the redox balance and PUFA metabolism in human skin fibroblasts modified by UVA. Lipid extracts from both types of microalgae introduced into the fibroblast medium after UVA irradiation significantly reduced the level of ROS and enhanced expression of Nrf2, which increased the activity\/level of antioxidants (SOD1\/2, CAT, GSH, Trx). The reduction in oxidative stress was accompanied by a decrease in the level of 4-HNE, its protein adducts and protein carbonyl groups. Microalgae also reduced the activity of COX1\/2, FAAH and MAGL increased by UVA, and as a consequence, the level of lipid mediators (especially after N.o.) decreased, both from the group of endocannabinoids (AEA, 2-AG, PEA) and eicosanoids (PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, TXB2, 15-HETE), acting mainly through receptors related to G protein, the expression of which increases after UVA. This further contributed to the reduction in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling at NF-\u03baB and TNF\u03b1 levels. Therefore, it is suggested that lipid extracts from both N.o. and C.a. microalgae can be used to regenerate fibroblast metabolism disturbed by UVA radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T07:51:39Z","timestamp":1708933899000},"page":"276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of the Regenerative Metabolic Efficiency of Lipid Extracts from Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis on Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5766-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Stasiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Rosario","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8060-7675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-5125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Biernacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Skrzydlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12424","article-title":"The Relationship between Skin Function, Barrier Properties, and Body-Dependent Factors","volume":"24","author":"Spano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skin Res. 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