{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:59:10Z","timestamp":1776290350814,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/139622\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/139622\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) can counteract the deleterious effects of oxidative stress (OS). Their binding to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane has been reported in non-immune hemolytic anemias (NIHAs). Our aim was to evaluate the relationships between CAT, GPx, and Prx2, focusing on their role at the RBC membrane, in hereditary spherocytosis (HS), sickle cell disease (SCD), \u03b2-thalassemia (\u03b2-thal), and healthy individuals. The studies were performed in plasma and in the RBC cytosol and membrane, evaluating OS biomarkers and the enzymatic activities and\/or the amounts of CAT, GPx, and Prx2. The binding of the enzymes to the membrane appears to be the primary protective mechanism against oxidative membrane injuries in healthy RBCs. In HS (unsplenectomized) and \u03b2-thal, translocation from the cytosol to the membrane of CAT and Prx2, respectively, was observed, probably to counteract lipid peroxidation. RBCs from splenectomized HS patients showed the highest membrane-bound hemoglobin, CAT, and GPx amounts in the membrane. SCD patients presented the lowest amount of enzyme linkage, possibly due to structural changes induced by sickle hemoglobin. The OS-induced changes and antioxidant response were different between the studied NIHAs and may contribute to the different clinical patterns in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Peroxiredoxin 2 in Erythrocyte Cytosol and Membrane in Hereditary Spherocytosis, Sickle Cell Disease, and \u03b2-Thalassemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5121-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Hematology Service, Santo Ant\u00f3nio Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Santo Ant\u00f3nio Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1923-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imuno-Hemotherapy Service, Santo Ant\u00f3nio Hospital, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology (CGPP\/IBMC), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"1H-TOXRUN\u2013One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4196-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.024","article-title":"The mechanism of formation, structure and physiological relevance of covalent hemoglobin attachment to the erythrocyte membrane","volume":"103","author":"Welbourn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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