{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:01:46Z","timestamp":1776510106241,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PT national funds","award":["UID\/50006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) for extracting antioxidant compounds from Portulaca oleracea dried leaves, compared to traditional ethanol extraction. NADES were synthesized using terpenoids (menthol and \u03b2-citronellol) and organic acids (lactic and capric acid), characterized by favorable viscosity, density, and pH, ensuring liquid stability at ambient temperature. NADES extraction outperformed ethanol, with NADES 1 yielding the highest bioactive contents: 83.66 Eq GA\/mg, 786.55 Eq Q\/mg, and 0.78 Eq C\/mg versus ethanol\u2019s 58.49 Eq GA\/mg, 363.23 Eq Q\/mg, and 0.44 Eq C\/mg. HPLC-DAD analysis identified higher levels of phenolic acids (caffeic and syringic acid) and flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in NADES extracts, compounds absent in ethanol. Antioxidant potential, assessed via IC50 values, confirmed superior activity for NADES extracts (NADES 1-Ext: IC50 28.10 \u00b1 1.73 \u00b5g\/\u00b5L) compared to ethanol (IC50 1615.97 \u00b1 5.34 \u00b5g\/\u00b5L), and the Trolox method has confirmed extensively this superiority. Additionally, NADES demonstrated improved antimicrobial effects, varying with microorganisms. Despite their high viscosity potentially limiting extraction efficiency, adjusting temperature offers a promising approach to enhance mass transfer. These findings emphasize NADES as a sustainable alternative for bioactive compound extraction, paving the way for optimizing extraction techniques through viscosity reduction strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14020132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T09:01:13Z","timestamp":1737622873000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Enhanced Extraction and Separation with HPLC-DAD of Phenolic and Flavonoid Antioxidants from Portulaca oleracea L. Leaves Using Tailored Terpenoid-Based NADES: Comparative Assessment of Antiradical and Antimicrobial Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5906-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik","family":"Sebbah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abdelhamid Iben Badis University, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde|Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Imene","family":"Yahla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abdelhamid Iben Badis University, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5603-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edite","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde|Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Riazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abdelhamid Iben Badis University, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia G.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde|Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3791-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Manuel","family":"Rodriguez-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de An\u00e1lisis Qu\u00edmicos y Biotecnol\u00f3gicos, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Manab\u00ed, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1523-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C. B. S. M.","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde|Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.113","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L. regulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells through voltage-gated Na channel","volume":"109","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. 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