{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T14:53:17Z","timestamp":1778424797169,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences of the University of Verona","award":["2022.01199.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.01199.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"FUR LDC of the University of Verona","award":["2022.01199.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.01199.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (Portugal)","award":["2022.01199.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.01199.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["2022.01199.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.01199.PTDC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage due to oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation, collectively referred to as \u201cinflammaging\u201d. This contributes to the functional decline in various tissues, including the brain and skeletal system, which closely interplay. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known for their regenerative potential and ability to modulate inflammation, offer a promising therapeutic approach to counteract aging-related declines. In this study, we investigated the effects of homotaurine (a small molecule with neuroprotective properties) on MSCs and its effects on osteogenesis. We found that homotaurine treatment significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, improved MSC viability, and modulated key stress response pathways, including the sestrin 1 and p21 proteins. Furthermore, homotaurine promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis in zebrafish models by enhancing the expression of critical osteogenesis-associated genes, such as those coding for \u03b2-catenin and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and increasing the levels of the kinase insert domain receptor-like angiogenesis marker in aged zebrafish. In Parkinson\u2019s disease models using patient-specific midbrain organoids with the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S mutation, homotaurine treatment enhanced \u03b2-catenin expression and reduced ROS levels, highlighting its potential to counteract the oxidative stress and dysfunctional signaling pathways associated with neurodegeneration. Our findings suggest that homotaurine not only offers neuroprotective benefits but also holds promise as a dual-target therapeutic strategy for enhancing both neuronal and bone homeostasis in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:47:46Z","timestamp":1740109666000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antioxidant, Osteogenic, and Neuroprotective Effects of Homotaurine in Aging and Parkinson\u2019s Disease Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4610-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Minoia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for the Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2096-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Cristiana","family":"Piritore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bolognin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9202-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6407-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Bernardes de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5444-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascia","family":"Tiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7360-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Romanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}]},{"given":"Jens Christian","family":"Schwamborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Developmental and Cellular Biology, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Dalle Carbonare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for the Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1166-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyane, T.S., Jere, S.W., and Houreld, N.N. 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