{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:26:09Z","timestamp":1772774769653,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PT national funds (FCT\/MECI, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o)","award":["UID\/50006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Coffee production generates large quantities of waste products, which pose a serious threat to the environment. However, coffee by-products, such as coffee pulp (CP), possess an undeniable wealth of bioactive components. Based on this, we investigated whether a 10-week dietary intervention with 250 mg\/kg\/d of CP could prevent or ameliorate MetS in high-fructose-fed rats. Consumption of CP by rats fed a high-fructose diet reduced body weight gain, lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, and improved insulin resistance compared to rats fed a high-fructose diet alone. At the hepatic level, CP attenuated the increase in lipid storage, reduced lipid peroxidation, and improved glutathione levels when combined with a high-fructose diet. CP also affected the expression of key genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in hepatic and adipose tissues, in rats fed a fructose-rich diet. This study demonstrates that CP ameliorates several consequences of high-fructose-induced MetS in the rat (weight gain, hypertension, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, changes in liver, and adipose tissue function). Hence, our data provide evidence that CP consumption in the context of a high-fructose diet can be used to improve MetS management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T12:01:17Z","timestamp":1740484877000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sustainable Utilization of Coffee Pulp, a By-Product of Coffee Production: Effects on Metabolic Syndrome in Fructose-Fed Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nelson","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ilda","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Campanher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of \u00d6rebro, Campus US\u00d6, S-701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Bracchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Em\u00edlia","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o T.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana A.","family":"Barreto-Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4136-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela S. G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana Esp\u00edrito","family":"Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Thiago F.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\u2014Tecnologias e Processos Limpos (REQUIMTE\/LAQV), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatriz P. 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