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Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic compound with antioxidant and several other biological properties, has shown promise in mitigating such damage when incorporated into sunscreens. We evaluated RA\u2019s possible interactions and potential to enhance the efficacy of three worldwide known UVB filters\u2014ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), octocrylene (OCT), and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS). The performance of sunscreens with and without RA (0.1% w\/w) was analyzed through in vitro and in vivo photoprotective assessments. The HPLC-TBARS-EVSC (high-performance liquid chromatography\u2014thiobarbituric acid reactive substances\u2014ex vivo stratum corneum) protocol, which quantified oxidative stress reduction in the human stratum corneum, was also used. The in vitro photoprotective assays showed that RA had distinct levels of interactions with the UVB filters. When associated with EHMC, RA exclusively acted in the UVB range (SPF-enhancing effect). Remarkably, for EHS, RA contributed to a higher efficacy profile in the total UV spectrum. OCT-RA was the sample that reached the highest critical wavelength value parallelly to OCT, boosting the in vivo SPF by more than 157% in comparison to OCT. However, its in vitro SPF performance was not affected by the RA addition, being comparable to OCT, EHS, and EHS-RA. Furthermore, the HPLC-TBARS-EVSC protocol highlighted RA\u2019s ability to reduce lipid peroxidation, with OCT-RA exhibiting the most notable protective effect. These findings underscore RA\u2019s potential as a multifunctional additive in sunscreen systems, enhancing both photoprotection and oxidative stress mitigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:28:31Z","timestamp":1740558511000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing Photoprotection and Mitigating Ex Vivo Stratum Corneum Oxidative Stress: A Multifunctional Strategy Combining Rosmarinic Acid with UVB Filters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pedro Ivo de Souza","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudin\u00e9ia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Camila Faustino","family":"Hiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gabriela de Argollo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cassiano Carlos","family":"Escudeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPclin, Integrated Research, Jundia\u00ed 13201-013, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Vieira Lima Solino","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, S\u00e3o Mateus 29932-540, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6130-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4950-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Val\u00e9ria Robles","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Rolim","family":"Baby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.piel.2012.04.011","article-title":"Avances En Fotoprotecci\u00f3n. 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