{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:00:51Z","timestamp":1760058051286,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian funding agency Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI)","award":["001","UIDB\/04308\/2020","600 UIDP\/04308\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","UIDB\/04308\/2020","600 UIDP\/04308\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["001","UIDB\/04308\/2020","600 UIDP\/04308\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","UIDB\/04308\/2020","600 UIDP\/04308\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induces immunological and autonomic imbalances. Exercise is a beneficial strategy for controlling IBD symptoms. We investigated the role of exercise on gastrointestinal (GI) motility changes and autonomic parameters in rats with ileitis. Rats were divided into control, ileitis, and exercise+ileitis groups. Ileitis was induced by TNBS (40 mM, intraileally). The exercise was swimming (1 h\/day\/4 weeks, 5%\/bw). We assessed eating behaviour and oxidative stress. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance. Autonomic balance and ECG parameters were measured by an electrocardiogram (ECG). Gastrointestinal motility was evaluated using the phenol red technique. In terms of body composition, total body water (TBW), body mass index (BMI), and fat-free mass (FFM) were higher in the ileitis group (216.80 \u00b1 11.44 mL; 24.09 \u00b1 2.15 g\/cm2; 287.1 \u00b1 14.66 g) (p &lt; 0.05) vs. control rats (130.06 \u00b1 28.23 mL; 16.38 \u00b1 2.50 g\/cm2; 193 \u00b1 42.21 g) and exercise prevented (91.33 \u00b1 12.33 mL; 11.73 \u00b1 0.47 g\/cm2; 133.8 \u00b1 16.82 g) (p &lt; 0.05) these changes. The exercise+ileitis group induces a reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in gastric retention vs. ileitis and control (11.22 \u00b1 1.91% vs. 35.17 \u00b1 1.01% and 33.96 \u00b1 1.77%). Ileitis increased intestinal retention in the duodenum (46.3 \u00b1 2.56% vs. 24.98 \u00b1 1.78%) and jejunum (34.22 \u00b1 2.33% and 34.72 \u00b1 2.83% vs. 47.32 \u00b1 1.48%) (p &lt; 0.05) and decreased intestinal retention in the ileum (p &lt; 0.05) vs. the control group. Exercise+ileitis prevented (p &lt; 0.05) changes in the duodenum (24.96 \u00b1 1.66% vs. 46.3 \u00b1 2.56%) and ileum (40.32 \u00b1 3.75% vs. 14.08 \u00b1 0.88%). Ileitis induces high MDA levels (p &lt; 0.05) vs. control rats (4.43 \u00b1 0.69 vs. 2.15 \u00b1 0.12 nmol\/mg of the tissue). This effect was prevented (p &lt; 0.05) in the exercise+ileitis group (2.75 \u00b1 0.21 vs. 4.43 \u00b1 0.69 nmol\/mg of the tissue). We observed a reduction in the LF component (p &lt; 0.05) in the ileitis group vs. control group (31.32 \u00b1 3.99 vs. 43.43 \u00b1 3.86). The correlation indicated a stronger interrelationship between the autonomic parameter and intestinal retention in the ileum (r: 0.68; p: 0.04). The current study suggests intestinal ileitis alters GI motility and autonomic balance, and physical exercise can represent an essential non-pharmacological approach to IBD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1741596401000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical Exercise Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Autonomic Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Brenda Lois Barros","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract\u2014Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alda C\u00e1ssia Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract\u2014Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1771-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Soares","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract\u2014Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"de Sousa Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maisa Camp\u00ealo","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8036-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Assis","family":"dos Santos Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lucas Estev\u00e3o","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract\u2014Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Heron Silva","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract\u2014Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8770-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Klingem Leite","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4325-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Leonardo","family":"Torres-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6114-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Correia-de-S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, (MedInUP\/RISE-Health), Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science\u2014ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Arm\u00eanio Aguiar","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-270, CE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6178-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s Tolentino Bento","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract\u2014Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, (MedInUP\/RISE-Health), Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science\u2014ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-024-00351-x","article-title":"Predictive, preventive and personalised approach as a conceptual and technological innovation in primary and secondary care of inflammatory bowel disease benefiting affected individuals and populations","volume":"15","author":"Arosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel 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