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Despite a short half-life in biological fluids, frequent detection of glyphosate and AMPA in urine samples suggests ongoing human exposure. Evidence indicates that glyphosate and AMPA may exert endocrine-disrupting effects on testicular function. Glyphosate exposure may disrupt the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis, impacting serum testosterone levels and other key hormones involved in spermatogenesis and fertility. It has also been shown to impair key cellular processes within the male reproductive system, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormone biosynthesis. These findings raise concerns about the herbicide\u2019s ability to compromise sperm production, structure, and motility, which are crucial factors for male fertility. This review examines the mechanisms underlying glyphosate-induced testicular toxicity, emphasizing endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and highlights the need for further studies on long-term effects across different life stages and genetic backgrounds. Glyphosate-induced testicular toxicity can be counteracted by antioxidant agents, which emerge as promising therapeutic strategies in need of further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14091036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:57:47Z","timestamp":1755878267000},"page":"1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Critical Review of Glyphosate-Induced Oxidative and Hormonal Testicular Disruption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sara R.","family":"Branco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4989-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Fontes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariane","family":"Zamoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling\u2014LaBioSignal, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88037-000, SC, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"397","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115716","article-title":"Effect of atrazine on testicular toxicity involves accommodative disorder of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes system and testosterone synthesis in European quail (Coturnix coturnix)","volume":"268","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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