{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:35:08Z","timestamp":1778312108619,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":253,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024.03012.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.03012.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECINST\/00026\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00026\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDL-CTTRI-267-SGRH\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDL-CTTRI-267-SGRH\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018886","name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020794","name":"iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/04501\/2020 and UIDP\/04501\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/04501\/2020 and UIDP\/04501\/2020-DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a global health challenge mainly driven by chronic low-grade inflammation and persistent oxidative stress (OS). Current therapeutic and nutritional strategies often fail to resolve these interconnected core pathologies due to the multifactorial nature of MetS. Anthocyanins (ACNs), a class of potent dietary flavonoids, offer significant promise due to their established pleiotropic effects, including robust antioxidant activity through modulation of the Nrf2\/ARE pathway, anti-inflammatory effects via NF-\u03baB suppression, and overall support for glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ACNs is characterized by interindividual variability, which is intrinsically linked to their low systemic bioavailability. This heterogeneity in the response is due to the complex interplay between genetic polymorphisms affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), as well as the specific biotransformation capacity of the gut microbiome. This review proposes that achieving the full clinical potential of ACNs requires moving beyond conventional nutritional advice. We propose that precision nutrition, which integrates multi-omics data (e.g., genomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics), can determine the individual phenotype, predict functional metabolic response, and tailor safer and effective ACN-rich interventions. This integrated, multifactorial approach is essential for optimizing the antioxidant and metabolic benefits of ACNs for the prevention and management of MetS and its associated pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anthocyanins and Metabolic Disease: A New Frontier in Precision Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe T.","family":"Patan\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9130-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben J.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria de","family":"Almeida-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Putaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1463-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Barreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4989-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. 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