{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T20:12:16Z","timestamp":1769544736613,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU Recovery and Resilience Facility and Portuguese national funds","award":["LA\/P\/0058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"EU Recovery and Resilience Facility and Portuguese national funds","award":["UID\/PRR\/4539\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/4539\/2025"]}]},{"name":"EU Recovery and Resilience Facility and Portuguese national funds","award":["UID\/04539\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04539\/2025"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["UID\/00690\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00690\/2025"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["UID\/PRR\/00690\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/00690\/2025"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/04567\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04567\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/50006\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006\/2025"]}]},{"name":"FCT, P.I.","award":["CEECINSTLA\/00032\/2022\/CP3032\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINSTLA\/00032\/2022\/CP3032\/CT0001"]}]},{"name":"FCT, P.I.","award":["PRT\/BD\/153391\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT\/BD\/153391\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT, P.I.","award":["PRT\/BD\/154364\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT\/BD\/154364\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant-based extracts are rich sources of phenolic compounds, which may act as skin antiaging mediators. Herein, Cistus albidus L. (Ca), Cistus ladanifer L. subsp. ladanifer (Cl) and Cistus salviifolius L. (Cs) were selected to test whether their phytochemical profile and bioactive potential align to target human skin aging. Hydroethanolic extracts (HEs) were prepared and characterized using infrared vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Non-toxic concentrations were screened, and cytoprotective and antioxidant effects were studied in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-stimulated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to assess anti-inflammatory activity, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline No. 439 was used to assess irritant effects, and the anti-senescence potential was assessed in etoposide-stimulated NHDFs. A series of enzymatic inhibition assays was performed. All extracts comprised ellagic acid derivatives, as well as myricetin and quercetin derivatives in Cs and Ca. The HE of Cs was also markedly composed of ligstroside. At non-toxic concentrations, cytoprotective effects were observed in NHDFs. However, only Cs and Cl exhibited significant antioxidant activity in these cells (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.0001, respectively). In addition to that, Cl demonstrated highly significant anti-inflammatory (p &lt; 0.0001) and anti-senescence (p &lt; 0.0001) effects. Cs and Cl showed a remarkable potential to inhibit elastase; in addition, Cs also showed anti-hyaluronidase and anti-tyrosinase activities. Meaningfully, Cs and Cl extracts did not exhibit skin irritant effects. The unveiled potential of Cl in skin aging offset highlights the need to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of action, paving the way for the development of skin anti-aging formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15010149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1769164894000},"page":"149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Skin Aging Hallmarks In Vitro: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Senescence Effects of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Cistus L. Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5414-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Pedro","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2526-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euclides","family":"Landim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M. F.","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\/Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia (LAQV\/REQUIMTE), Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7333-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\/Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia (LAQV\/REQUIMTE), Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds A. E.","family":"Batista de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde\/Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia (LAQV\/REQUIMTE), Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2733-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (LA SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8997-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CiTUR), P\u00f3lo Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco S\u00e1 Carneiro 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o C\u00f4a Parque, Rua do Museu, 5150-620 Vila Nova de Foz C\u00f4a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5201-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC-UC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Histologia e Embriologia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Edif\u00edcio da FMUC, P\u00f3lo 1, 2\u00ba Piso, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalak, M. 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