{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:24:30Z","timestamp":1771007070639,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,30]],"date-time":"2019-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Reference: UID\/CTM\/50011\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Reference: UID\/CTM\/50011\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QOPNA, Reference: UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QOPNA, Reference: UID\/QUI\/00062\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBQF\/ESB-UCP, Reference: UID\/Multi\/50016\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBQF\/ESB-UCP, Reference: UID\/Multi\/50016\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CESAM, Reference: UID\/MAR\/LA0017\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CESAM, Reference: UID\/MAR\/LA0017\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment 2017, Reference: CEECIND\/00464\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment 2017, Reference: CEECIND\/00464\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020","award":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020","award":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020","award":["AgroForWealth Project, Reference: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AgroForWealth Project, Reference: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"]}]},{"name":"FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional","award":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MultiBiorefinery Project, Reference: SAICTPAC\/0040\/2015 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403)"]}]},{"name":"FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional","award":["AgroForWealth Project, Reference: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AgroForWealth Project, Reference: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014717","name":"CENTRO 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AgroForWealth Project, Reference: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AgroForWealth Project, Reference: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salix spp. have been exploited for energy generation, along with folk medicine use of bark extracts for antipyretic and analgesic benefits. Bark phenolic components, rather than salicin, have demonstrated interesting bioactivities, which may ensure the sustainable bioprospection of Salix bark. Therefore, this study highlights the detailed phenolic characterization, as well as the in vitro antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibitory effects, and biocompatibility of Salix atrocinerea Brot., Salix fragilis L., and Salix viminalis L. bark polar extracts. Fifteen phenolic compounds were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection-mass spectrometry analysis, from which two flavan-3-ols, an acetophenone, five flavanones, and a flavonol were detected, for the first time, as their bark components. Salix bark extracts demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity (5.58\u201323.62 \u00b5g mL\u22121 IC50 range), effective inhibition on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (58\u201384%), and S. aureus bactericidal action at 1250\u20132500 \u00b5g mL\u22121 (6\u20138 log CFU mL\u22121 reduction range). All tested Salix bark extracts did not show cytotoxic potential against Caco-2 cells, as well as S. atrocinerea Brot. and S. fragilis L. extracts at 625 and 1250 \u00b5g mL\u22121 against HaCaT and L929 cells. These valuable findings can pave innovative and safer food, nutraceutical, and\/or cosmetic applications of Salix bark phenolic-containing fractions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8120609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T10:50:45Z","timestamp":1575283845000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1922-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia A. B.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Moreirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Coscueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A. O.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelaide","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Manuela","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carmen S. R.","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur M. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"QOPNA &amp; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando J. 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