{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T09:48:21Z","timestamp":1773481701358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/ASP-AGR\/29277\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ASP-AGR\/29277\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03988\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03988\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/144534\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/144534\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chestnut processing industry generates large amounts of by-products, including leaves, burs and shells that are a source of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to establish an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from industrial chestnut shells. A central composite design (CCD) was conducted to analyze the effects of time (4\u201346 min) and temperature (34\u201376 \u00b0C) in the antioxidant activity (2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of chestnut shells extracts. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at 70 \u00b0C for 40 min. The optimal extract was characterized regarding phenolic profile, radical scavenging capacity, and effects on intestinal and dermal cell lines. The optimal extract revealed high amounts of ellagic acid (40.4 \u00b5g\/mg dw), followed by caffeic acid derivative (15.4 \u00b5g\/mg dw) and epigallocatechin (15.3 \u00b5g\/mg dw). Indeed, the extract exhibited the highest scavenging efficiencies against NO\u25cf (IC50 = 0.1 \u00b5g\/mL) and HOCl (IC50 = 0.7 \u00b5g\/mL) and did not conducted to a decrease on HaCaT and HFF-1 viability up to 100 \u03bcg\/mL. Oppositely, a decrease on Caco-2 and HT29-MTX viability was observed. This study suggests that UAE could be a sustainable option to valorize chestnut shells as raw material for different industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1585034168000},"page":"267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Green-Sustainable Recovery of Phenolic and Antioxidant Compounds from Industrial Chestnut Shells Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: Optimization and Evaluation of Biological Activities In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Lameir\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8534-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0301-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"F. Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1176-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"F. Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021\/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021\/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Sut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAFNAE, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Dall\u2019Acqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAFNAE, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 16, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy"},{"name":"DSF, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8803-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto\u2014School of Engineering, REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2017.09.017","article-title":"Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) industrial wastes as a valued bioresource for the production of active ingredients","volume":"64","author":"Squillaci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.12.051","article-title":"Enological potential of chestnut wood for aging Tempranillo wines Part II: Phenolic compounds and chromatic characteristics","volume":"51","author":"Schumacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. 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