{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:56:40Z","timestamp":1776779800899,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/135246\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/135246\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005624","name":"PATH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/00169\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/00169\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cells4_IDs","award":["PTDC\/BTM-SAL\/28882\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BTM-SAL\/28882\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammation is characterized by an overproduction of several inflammatory mediators (e.g., reactive species and interleukins -IL) that play a central role in numerous diseases. The available therapies are often associated with serious side effects and, consequently, the need for safer drugs is of utmost importance. A plant traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions is Salvia officinalis. Therefore, conventional maceration and infusion of its leaves were performed to obtain hydroethanolic (HE-T) and aqueous extracts (AE-T), respectively. Their efficacy was compared to soxhlet extracts, namely aqueous (AE-S), hydroethanolic (HE-S), and ethanolic extracts (EE-S). Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated the presence of rosmarinic acid, carnosol, and\/or carnosic acid in the different extracts. Generally, soxhlet provided extracts with higher antioxidant activities than traditional extraction. Moreover, under an inflammatory scenario, EE-S were the most effective, followed by HE-S, HE-T, AE-T, and AE-S, in the reduction of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 production. Interestingly, the extracts presented higher or similar anti-inflammatory activity than diclofenac, salicylic acid, and celecoxib. In conclusion, the extraction method and the solvents of extraction influenced the antioxidant activity, but mainly the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. Therefore, this natural resource can enable the development of effective treatments for oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T09:46:18Z","timestamp":1605865578000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-3114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3BS\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3BS\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno M.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3BS\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2013PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","article-title":"Origin and physiological roles of inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.5149","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury","volume":"20","author":"Mittal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. 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