{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:25:44Z","timestamp":1760239544980,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we examined the effect of six months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) red blood cell (RBC) proteome by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) - based proteomics followed by Western blotting (WB) validation. The discovered dysregulated proteins\/proteoforms are associated with cell death, H2O2 catabolic\/metabolic process, stress response, and protein oligomerization. Validation by nonreducing WB was performed for peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by using antibodies against the sulfinylated\/sulfonylated cysteine of these proteins to better evaluate their redox\u2013oligomeric states under OSA and\/or in response to PAP therapy. The results indicated that the redox\u2013oligomeric state of GAPDH and PRDX2 involving overoxidation by sulfinic\/sulfonic acids were differentially modulated in OSA RBC, which might be compromising RBC homeostasis. PAP therapy by restoring this modulation induced a higher oligomerization of overoxidized GAPDH and PRDX2 in some patients that could be associated with eryptosis and the chaperone \u201cgain\u201d of function, respectively. This varied response following PAP may result from the complex interplay between OSA and OSA metabolic comorbidity. Hence, information on the redox status of PRDX2 and GAPDH in RBC will help to better recognize OSA subtypes and predict the therapeutic response in these patients. GAPDH monomer combined with body mass index (BMI) and PRDX2 S-S dimer combined with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showed to be very promising biomarkers to predict OSA and OSA severity, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T09:04:15Z","timestamp":1606381455000},"page":"1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Redox\u2013Oligomeric State of Peroxiredoxin-2 and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Red Blood Cells under Positive Airway Pressure Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Valentim-Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Prote\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ToxOmics\u2014Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Prote\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ToxOmics\u2014Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estat\u00edstica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da Universidade de Lisboa e Departamento de Estat\u00edstica e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Operacional, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Prote\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ToxOmics\u2014Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas L.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Prote\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ToxOmics\u2014Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6362-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2013Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Ipatimup\u2013Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte\u2014CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte\u2014CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental\u2014ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0915-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"B\u00e1rbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte\u2014CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental\u2014ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4527-7148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Penque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Prote\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ToxOmics\u2014Centre of Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-019-0172-9","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities: A dangerous liaison","volume":"14","author":"Bonsignore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multidiscip. 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