{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T06:08:46Z","timestamp":1770530926517,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["(Reference UID\/CTM\/50025)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(Reference UID\/CTM\/50025)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(H2020-NMP-2015, grant 685758-21D)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(H2020-NMP-2015, grant 685758-21D)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(H2020-TWINN-2015, grant 692373)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(H2020-TWINN-2015, grant 692373)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nanomark collaborative project between INCM (Imprensa Nacional - Casa da Moeda) and CENIMAT\/i3N","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrochromic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured films were grown on gold coated papers using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at low temperature (80 \u00b0C). Uniform nanostructured films fully covered the paper substrate, while maintaining its flexibility. Three acids, i.e., acetic, hydrochloric and nitric acids, were tested during syntheses, which determined the final structure of the produced films, and consequently their electrochromic behavior. The structural characteristics of nanostructured films were correlated with electrochemical response and reflectance modulation when immersed in 1 M LiClO4-PC (lithium perchlorate with propylene carbonate) electrolyte, nevertheless the material synthesized with nitric acid resulted in highly porous anatase films with enhanced electrochromic performance. The TiO2 films revealed a notable contrast behavior, reaching for the nitric-based film optical modulations of 57%, 9% and 22% between colored and bleached states, at 250, 550 and 850 nm, respectively in reflectance mode. High cycling stability was also obtained performing up to 1500 cycles without significant loss of the electrochromic behavior for the nitric acid material. The approach developed in this work proves the high stability and durability of such devices, together with the use of paper as substrate that aggregates the environmentally friendly, lightweight, flexibility and recyclability characters of the substrate to the microwave synthesis features, i.e., simplicity, celerity and enhanced efficiency\/cost balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1581413121000},"page":"1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["TiO2 Nanostructured Films for Electrochromic Paper Based-Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-6588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Barranger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3282-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Neusmar J. A.","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Physics Department, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP\/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2012.06.001","article-title":"TiO2 photocatalysis: Design and applications","volume":"13","author":"Nakata","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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