{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T10:53:54Z","timestamp":1778237634198,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research","award":["FKZ13FH018IX4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ13FH018IX4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The applications of biogenic lubricating greases to machine elements play important roles in the reduction of friction energy and minimizing wear in a tribological contact, as well as the prevention of environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to investigate completely biogenic lubricating greases from a tribological point of view. Model greases were examined using a ball on a disc tribometer at a constant normal force to investigate the friction and wear process according to Fleischer\u2019s energetic wear model. Using the energy-based wear model, the friction and wear process could be interpreted as a cause\u2013effect sequence. Moreover, the influence of the model grease composition on the friction and wear process was analyzed. In addition, rolling bearing tests were performed to investigate the tribological behaviors of some selected biogenic greases during real machine element contact. These tests allowed for the quantification of the friction torque behavior of the full bearing and the evaluation of the wear obtained through lubricant analysis procedures. This experimental work provides useful information regarding the influence that the composition of biogenic model greases has on friction and wear behaviors in a tribological contact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1582282156000},"page":"1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Tribological Investigation on the Friction and Wear Behaviors of Biogenic Lubricating Greases in Steel\u2013Steel Contact"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nazli","family":"Acar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Machine Elements and Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production, Faculty of Engineering Technology and Computer Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW-Hamburg), 20099 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"},{"name":"Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Centre, Complex Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9168-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Machine Elements and Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Production, Faculty of Engineering Technology and Computer Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW-Hamburg), 20099 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E. P.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge H. O.","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEUP, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-679X(98)00006-1","article-title":"Lubricants and the environment","volume":"31","author":"Bartz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1108\/00368799810781274","article-title":"Lubricants and functional fluids from renewable resources","volume":"50","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ind. Lubr. 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