{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:10:58Z","timestamp":1773277858630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential for mineral carbonation of CO2 in plutonic mafic rocks is addressed through a set of laboratory experiments on cumulate gabbro and gabbro-diorite specimens from the Sines Massif (Portugal). The experiments were conducted in an autoclave, for a maximum of 64 days, using a CO2 supersaturated brine under pressure and temperature conditions similar to those expected around an injection well during early-phase CO2 injection. Multiple techniques for mineralogical and geochemical characterization were applied ante- and post-carbonation experiments. New mineralogical phases (smectite, halite and gypsum), roughness increase and material loss were observed after exposure to the CO2 supersaturated brine. The chemical analysis shows consistent changes in the brine and rock specimens: (i) increases in iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) in the aqueous phase and decreases in Fe2O3 and MgO in the specimens; (ii) a decrease in aqueous calcium (Ca) and an increase in CaO in the cumulate gabbro, whereas in the gabbro-diorite aqueous Ca increased and afterwards remained constant, whereas CaO decreased. The geochemical model using the CrunchFlow code was able to reproduce the experimental observations and simulate the chemical behavior for longer times. Overall, the study indicates that the early-stage CO2 injection conditions adopted induce mainly a dissolution phase with mineralogical\/textural readjustments on the external area of the samples studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1595503561000},"page":"5083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mineral Carbonation of CO2 in Mafic Plutonic Rocks, II\u2014Laboratory Experiments on Early-Phase Supercritical CO2\u2012Brine\u2012Rock Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Moita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2667-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Berrezueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Geol\u00f3gico y Minero de Espa\u00f1a, C\/Matem\u00e1tico Pedrayes 25, 33005 Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Halidi","family":"Abdoulghafour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-3807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mir\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Galacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Sitzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Barrulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio HERCULES, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Marialva 8, 7000-809 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Rua Rom\u00e3o Ramalho 59, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEA\/OECD (2017). 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