{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:17:15Z","timestamp":1768537035762,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/115643\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/115643\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00058\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00058\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05748\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/05748\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/05748\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04423\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04423\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the several innovations that have been incorporated in agriculture, the use of herbicides, especially glyphosate (GLY), is still the major tool for weed control. Although this herbicide has a notable worldwide representation, concerns about its environmental safety were recently raised, with a lot of divergence between studies on its non-target toxicity. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the risks of this herbicide to non-target plants, including cover crop species, which have a crucial role in maintaining agroecosystems functions and in preventing soil erosion. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH), particularly focusing on the oxidative metabolism. The growth of roots and shoots was affected, being this effect accompanied by a rise of lipid peroxidation, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, and by an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system. Indeed, the results showed that adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg\u22121, with the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg\u22121, showing that GBH-contaminated soils may pose a risk to the survival of non-target plants in the most contaminated areas. Overall, these findings proved that GBH greatly impairs the growth of a non-target plant, strengthening the need of additional studies to unravel the real risks associated with the over usage of this pesticide, since there is an evident lack of studies performed with contaminated soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T09:06:09Z","timestamp":1595581569000},"page":"5098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide in Cover Plants: Medicago sativa L. as a Model Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3330-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"GreenUPORTO\u2014Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua da Agr\u00e1ria 747, 4485-646 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rebotim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Fidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"GreenUPORTO\u2014Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua da Agr\u00e1ria 747, 4485-646 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6857-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"GreenUPORTO\u2014Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua da Agr\u00e1ria 747, 4485-646 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3377-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela","family":"Cachada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Novo Edif\u00edcio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02286399","article-title":"Amounts of pesticides reaching target pests: Environmental impacts and ethics","volume":"8","author":"Pimentel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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